Overseas Chinese Democracy Coalition News and Article Release Issue: A81-O15
中国民主运动海外联席会议新闻与文章发布号：A81-O15
Release Date: July 17, 2004
发布日：2004年7月17日
Topic: Introduction of Wang Youcai: The First Person who Registered Chinese Democracy Party inside of China and His Thoughts on Chinese Democracy Future
标题：王有才有关在浙江注册中国民主党的回顾及对中国民主运动的观点(在中国民主教育基金会上的演讲)
Original Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)
此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）
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An Introduction of Wang Youcai: The First Person who Registered a Chinese Democracy Party and His Thoughts on the Future of Chinese Democracy
In the month of June 2004, Ciping Huang of the Wei Jingsheng Foundation met for the first time and had many hours of conversation with Wang Youcai, the first person who tried to lead a registration of the first opposition party inside of China (Zhejiang Province, June 1998) and thus was sentenced for 11 years in jail. He was just sent to exile three months ago due to international pressure.
Although we tried to reach Wang Youcai in 1998 in an effort to support him and his group of CDP members, Huang was glad to learn more details from him and expressed her admiration and support for Wang's bravery, effort and personal sacrifice, in pushing for a democratic China. As both specialized in the Optics area of Physics, and both have a deep belief in the necessity of the multi-party system for a true democracy in China, as well as tried their share of action to set up opposition parties (for detail about Ciping Huang's effort, please visit: www.weijingsheng.org/lxhy/huang.html), they enjoyed sharing these common interests despite minor detailed differences.
In this issue, we publish Wang's article for readers to learn more about him and the China Democracy Party (CDP), along with our appeal to the international society to push for the release of all political prisoners in China, especially the dozens of CDP leaders who are still in prison.
(Note: The English version is not exactly word to word translation of the Chinese version. While we tried to keep Wang’s thoughts as original as possible without too much change of the English version, for those readers who can read Chinese we recommend you to read Wang's Chinese version for a better comprehension of his ideas and events.)
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MY THOUGHT ON SETUP AN OPPOSITION PARTY: CHINA DEMOCRACY PARTY
-- WANG YOUCAI
Before 1989, I was most interested in hard science, for example, physics, astronomy, etc, I am especially interested in mathematics, of course I really participated public affairs, for example, students protests and demonstrations in 1986, and set up a student independent association----"action committee" in 1988, and helped to lead the most important democracy movement and was a general-secretary of Beijing higher university student independent Union in 1989. But June 4 affair gives me very different way in my life. I was deeply shocked, and I started to read more modern western political theory and law theory written by John Locke, Montesquieu, Burke, Tocqueville, Jefferson, Madison, Hamilton, Hayek, etc, and I found politics as sciences based on democracy, constitutionalism, rule of law, federalism, judicial review, separation of powers, check and balance, etc, a series of values of institutionalization, to defend universal justice, human rights, liberty and freedom. Besides I tried to widely associate with many colleagues whom have or have not backgrounds of "democracy wall" in 1979 and/or democracy movement in 1989, I took a lot of time to learn and consider how to make the process of the transition possibly and peacefully and reasonable and direction-oriented from dictatorship or/and authoritarian to liberal democracy, I got knowledge all the universal human rights are all very important. And I found any democratic country should exist a multiparty political system, moreover, many countries came from different type of dictatorship to democracy country owing to the vital factor----an opposition party' existence and its important action and its push forward, usually it always becomes the most important power to make the modern transition possible and accomplish the transfer and reconstruct a series of modern political and law system. From the third democracy waves, we can also conclude the result; especially the transition is relatively peaceful, reasonable, controllably. Of course, the opposition party would rather generally be based on reasonable, peaceful, transparent, nonviolence.
As I understood the basic reason, many colleagues tried to find a party to participate in and pursue to some feeling to belong to, I tried to discuss with my colleagues and the outside people, for example, Professors in some universities, graduated students, managers in private companies and in state-owned corporation, and persuade to promote China democracy a new step, to attempt to set up an opposition party.
Then, what is the kind of the opposition party? It is very important issue to considerate and widely discuss, because the long emperor historic in China, and the near past time and present days, China has some dominate parties established twenties century, there are really some dictatorship and totalitarian structure, and if you consider, observe, and retrospect, you would find the very same structure between them and the Chinese long historic organizations, maybe my statement on the topic is not completely correct, there are really different between them, but, in essence, there are similar spirit, to CCP, even more. So the spirit, value, and structure of opposition is key factor, I try to set up an opposition party similar to American political party, whatever Democrat or Republic, it has some degree level structure, yet, according to my superficial understanding, it is some extent platform structure, it provides more equal opportunity for any person who try to devote himself to public affairs to manifest his potential property and talent. It provides the mechanics and institution to produce candidates, and try to participate into the election campaign to get the qualification of the party's support candidate or candidates to take part in the different level different aspects government election campaign. Although it is not reliable nowadays to practices, however, we should prepare for later future, (when and) after the transition occurs. My some intimate colleagues told me that I am too naive; it is impossible for China to have the opportunity to organize so ideal opposition party. But I do not think so, you know, in China, many people also told me it is impossible for China to be democratic, but I do not think so too. If China would be a constitutional democracy, China should have modern political party.
On the other hand, I tried to train the spirit of respecting law, on the rule of law. I tried to apply for register an opposition party-China Democracy Party, and ask CCP also need to register to be a non-government organization. It is my logic, my thinking way. I do not think CCP did not register, so CDP should not register. I attempt to register an opposition party in order to influence and change China traditional political way, politics as a science based on law and separation of powers, politics is not as a tool just based on power. CDP should establish similarity to western political party, not the same as CCP or KMD.
It is very possible that CDP will take a very important role in the transition in China from authoritarian to liberal democracy. If the transition change quickly, for example, five years, CDP maybe less important, but if the transition gradually, for example, more than ten years, CDP will make great role just similar to DPP in Taiwan. And I think it takes about ten years around to fulfill the modern transition in China. As an open nation-widely existed opposition, we should do our best to construct the flexible platform style party, we welcome any one who supports liberal democracy to engage in and work together and it leads the direction-oriented transition.
Let's retrospect in China historic trace, when Sun Zhongshan pursue help from western society and can not get more help, he transferred to pursue the help from Soviet Union and established the Lenin style party, the KMD was established in dictatorship style, executive the policy-"associated with Soviet Union, Communist Party, assisted peasants and workers", and the CCP founded just depended on Soviet Union and got support from Soviet Union, it is complete dictatorship party. If at that time, at the beginning, the western society support Sun Zhongshan, China history might be very different. So nowadays-American people and American Government support an opposition party in China based on democratic organizational form is very important. CDP demands more support at the first stage. As it becomes stronger, it can work out by itself.
Specially, I should point out that, based on not sophisticated religion in China, it is relatively less price to promote liberal democracy, and owing to the huge population, it is vital change in the would if China becomes a liberal democracy. It values the world greatly.
CDP is the result based on "democracy wall" in 1979, and "national democracy movement" in 1989, and the practices beyond 1989, it involves some persons engaged in "Democracy Wall" in 1979, a majority of numbers engaged in "national democracy movement" in 1989, and some students studying in university, and some peasants, workers, some engineers and managers in private and state-owned corporation, some entrepreneurs, or private owners at the first beginning, owing to crack down in the end of the year 1998, it continues forward, it works hard. It need new breakthrough on new thought way. I should point out some lack are factor by traditional political running way. I have some ethnic responsibility. I should reflex my thinking mind.
At last, I can say CDP will balance some shift power and introduce a new way.
CDP should pay more attention to grassroots democracy, the branches stay in up-middle level, negotiation and cooperation each other, when many branches build well, and the national convention committee grows up naturally.
China transition three important factors:
(1) Up-down reform, just wait and pressure, non certain.
(2) Up-middle, self-independent self -organization, help and train middle and bottom strength, pressure on up and top, self -development
(3) Bottom-up, the basic grassroots foundation. The basic and important strength in social reform. Among them, the members of up-middle are very important to introduce and lead the direction. For example the different level election practice, establish widely relations among themselves and with up-middle factor.
As a new style opposition, at the beginning, we should do virtualization the national convention committee; we should do real local practice. That is whatever in election practice or in relation of association, especially to promote the different candidates and executive the democratic exercises. , With time passage, the local committee have solid foundation and can elected some representatives to take part in the national committee, it is the time the national convention committee is possible, the most important is the important members in CDP are the represents working in different level government, who are elected by the different local level citizens.
(This article is for your reference only. It does not necessarily represent the stand of either Wei Jingsheng himself, or the Wei Jingsheng Foundation.)
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中文版
Overseas Chinese Democracy Coalition News and Article Release Issue: A81-O15
中国民主运动海外联席会议新闻与文章发布号：A81-O15
Release Date: July 17, 2004
发布日：2004年7月17日
Topic: Introduction of Wang Youcai: The First Person who Registered Chinese Democracy Party inside of China and His Thoughts on Chinese Democracy Future
标题：王有才有关在浙江注册中国民主党的回顾及对中国民主运动的观点(在中国民主教育基金会上的演讲)
Original Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)
此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）
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王有才有关1998年首次在浙江注册中国民主党的回顾及对中国民主运动的观点
2004年6月期间，魏京生基金会的黄慈萍女士与新近流放的王有才先生第一次见面，并进行了深入的谈话与交流。同是物理专业，又同样地坚信建立反对党是中国走向民主的重要环节，黄慈萍向王有才的努力与为此而做出的牺牲表示敬意。
此期，承王有才先生的盛意，我们转发他在中国民主教育基金会上的演讲，以给我们的朋友们一个更多的机会了解他及他的主张。
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在中国民主教育基金会上的演讲
-- 王有才
感谢中国民主教育基金会1998年给我发奖。
感谢中国民主教育基金会给我这个机会发表演讲。
女士们，先生们：
我非常荣幸有机会在这里发表演讲，让我先简略介绍一下１９９８年中国境内筹组中国民主党的情况。在这里我需要说明的是我按照我经历的情况作介绍，如有不当之处，希望诸位对我提出批评和建议，我需要更多的学习和了解情况。
今天已是我和我的同道王东海和林辉一起去申请注册成立“中国民主党”“浙江委员会”六年时间了。王东海参加了七九民主墙运动以及八九民主运动，林辉当时是浙江省宁波大学的学生， 我参加了八九民主运动， 担任北京高校学生自治联会的秘书长，遭到中共当局的通辑。我们做出这样的安排主要表明中国民主运动的传承性，发展性，以及中国民主进程的粗线条轨迹。为了尽量减少牺牲，我们用标志性的三个阶段经历的人来做出尝试。
我１９８９年之前最大的兴趣是数学，物理学等自然科学，１９８９年在北大物理系读硕士研究生，对自然科学的这些兴趣一直保持到现在。不过，我对公共事务也一直比较关心，１９８６年我在现浙江大学(原杭州大学)物理系上大学时就积极组织参加学生抗议活动，１９８７年我考上北京大学，１９８８年参加组建学生自治组织“行动委员会”，后因校方和秘密警察的双重压力而解散，我一直关心中国的社会发展状况。中共当局“六四屠杀”彻底改变了我的人生，我真正开始思考宪政民主政治制度的重要性，第一次监狱囚禁结束后，除了尽可能地联系七九民主墙运动特别是八九抗议运动的同道以及赞成保障人权和自由民主的朋友外，我开始大量阅读西方现代民主政治理论和宪政法治理论。我认识到要在将来中国彻底杜绝“六四屠杀”这样的情况再现，必须实现自由法治公民社会和建立宪政民主政治体制。在中国实现从中共一党专制制度向宪政民主制度的现代转型。
那么，实现这一转型的基础在哪里呢？我认为，一方面，在于公民社会的成长，另一方面，在于反对运动的发展。其中反对党的产生和发展尤其关键。这些方面都需要有志者作出艰巨努力。
研究世界历史可以发现，从许多种类的专制制度转型到民主社会的经历可以发现，几乎每种情况下都有反对党的作用，其中许多起到了关键的作用。我认为如果不是出于突发事件，而且变化在近几年发生，那么中国的现代转型反对党也会起到非常重要的作用。而且我认为我们需要开拓，而不是等待。我们自己需要努力而不是等待出现圣人来拯救，当然我们欢迎来自上层的宪政民主导向的变革，但是这是可遇而不可求的，特别是政治改革面临的是中共自身的专横统治，因此演进的力量主要在于我们公民作出巨大的努力和牺牲才有可能实现自由法治公民社会和建立宪政民主政治体制。而中国的公民争取自由权利需要积累和扩展，反对党的存在和发展也需要积累和扩展，假如不努力争取和开拓就可能永远等不到合适的时机和条件。
至于组建怎样的反对党则是值得研究和思考的。我个人特别反对党权政治，无论是以前的国民党还是特别是共产党，这种类型的政党我都坚决反对。我主张建立现代西方式的民主政党，这样的政党建立在公民选择和支持的基础上，积极活动者主要为可能的候选人和公众提供服务，了解和争取民意，而候选人须经过民主程序选出，虽然现在在中国尚不可能，我的一些好朋友也不认为可行，但我认为正如一些人认为宪政民主在中国不可能一样，我认为只要宪政民主在中国可行，现代民主的政党在中国也一样可行。而且人类社会的许多事情都是人们努力的结果。我反对一个党，一个主义，一个领袖，我主张应该由公民自己决定。所以在１９９８年，在浙江，我们采用委员会，或筹委会形式。主要是为了服务于观念空间的扩展和为给民间候选人提供平台以及支持他们竞选，另外，这样的平台也有利于越来越多的公民参与和共享。由于政党的民主性和服务性，也可以避免许多不必要的冲突，要在民主党内发挥重要的影响力，你就必须争取选民支持，这是前提条件。自然，反对党的自组织生长也很重要。另外，我希望立足于基层，进入可能的选举实践，一方面避免直接冲突，为了更大或可能的生存空间，另一方面有利于获得公众支持，不能使民主运动在大陆边缘化，我认为这是最主要的方面。１９９８年我在法院受审，法院外有近千人抗议，我希望民主运动要和公众站在一起。另外，一旦地方上的基础做好的话，全国委员会就会水到渠成，顺理成章。当然这里也有许多策略考虑。
１９９８年６月２５日，我们一起去民政厅申请登记注册，我们当然知道一开始是不可能成功的，而且几乎肯定要坐牢的，但是，我们要通过艰苦的努力使得中国必须存在反对党这一观念在中国大陆传播，使得中国民主党在中国潜在化，通过时间的积累实在化，显性化，合法化，使得更多的公民可以参加和介入，积极努力，争取机会向更大的可能性发展。另外，我们也要试图培养法治观念，在法律的边缘范围内，开拓空间，去除恶法，培养程序观念和机制观念。这跟我个人的理念有关，我个人不反对革命，受杰斐逊(Thomas Jefferson)影响很深，但我知道我不参加革命，我主张演进，受哈耶克(Friedric A. Von Hayek) 影响。我主张积累和开拓扩展，我从英国的历史中感受到演进的重要性。人权的保障需要培养自由法治公民社会，当然有时革命非常重要，但我对中国上一世纪历史的学习，我真的怕大的动荡，对大多数公民不利。我个人认为光有抗议是不够的，在专制制度下，平时公民几乎没有权利，一旦街头抗争，反抗会很激烈，这当然有合理性，但确实有可能难以控制，也需要寻找另外的一些方式突破。只有在强有力的政治力量引导下，在威权社会里抗争才是可控的。另外，农村和社区选举虽然有很多问题，但我们认为那也是一个开始，需要提升和突破，当时余铁农和余元洪等就介入了农村选举，尽管以民主党名义参选没有成功，但不断的努力是需要的。另外，农村和社区也许可以用所谓的“海选”的方法， 因为它范围小，而且它是熟悉人的社会，在农村和社区也不设是一个办法，但是，一旦选举向上一层发展，必须要通过其他非政府组织提供不同的候选人，这样才具有可操作性，作为政党正好是提供候选人的工具。所以，建立反对党也为今后的选举发展提供了前提条件。我们一定要通过不断努力使直接选举向更上一级提升。另外，现在的县区一级公民代表选举也可以参与真做实做，虽然我知道很难，但是其他的也很难，即使是革命，在现代社会也是困难的，在此，我们暂时不谈它的副作用。当然，人们有权利需要用革命来推翻专制暴政。但我认为其他的道路也必须努力探索，在现代社会我个人认为这些新的努力也许更为重要，假如存在这些可能性的话。
下面我简要介绍一下中国民主党的一些概况：
中国民主党的价值追求：
捍卫人权自由；
维护社会公正；
弘扬自然正义；
立基法治共和；
结束一党专制；
建立宪政民主。
中国民主党要求建立多党制和(提升)直接选举。建立宪政民主政治体制，建立政治分权机制。建立现代民主政党，提供平台推出候选人。提供弹性平台供公众联系合作和开拓扩展。
现在中国民主党有重要成员四十多人囚禁在监狱中，也有其他许多不太出名的成员囚禁在监狱或者劳教所，当然这是由于中共专制的残酷造成的，也有其他不可感知的因素，但我感到有很大的道义压力和责任。当然还有更多的中国民主党的同道在中国大陆，除了西藏，大陆的每个省级区域都有民主党的成员存在并互相有所联系，我认为我们需要寻找新的思路和新的方式来获得尽可能多的突破，并尽量避免不必要的太大的牺牲。这是我们今后思考和努力的重点。
最后，我在此呼吁中共当局释放所有中国民主党被监禁的成员，释放所有持不同政见者。
同时，我希望美国人民和美国政府能继续帮助和支持中国的人权和民主运动，继续支持和帮助中国民主党的生存和发展，当然我更希望海外华侨和海外中国人能大力帮助和推动中国的人权和民主进程，推动中国反对党运动的发展。我相信一定能在不远的将来经过我们的共同努力在世界的东方----中国建立起保障普遍人权的自由法治公民社会和宪政民主政治制度。
谢谢大家！
(以上为编者向您们推荐的文章。文中作者的观点并不代表魏京生基金会或魏京生先生本人的观点与立场。)
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