Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A538-W312
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A538-W312
Release
Date: April 11, 2010
发布日：2010年4月11日
Topic:
The Way Out for China (Part VI) -- Wei Jingsheng
标题： 《中国的出路》之六 -- 魏京生
Original
Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)
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The
Way Out for China, Part VI
--
Wei Jingsheng
When
people talk about forceful revolution and resistance with force, there are some
friends who will ask with doubt: "Is not it nowadays' fashion to talk
about peace, rationality, and non-violence and a so-called
'color-revolution'"? "It
is so scary to hear the words of forceful revolution. Isn't that terrorism?" Therefore, we need to distinguish between a forceful
revolution and terrorism first.
The
definition of "terrorism" is not universally agreed upon yet. However, in general terms, the world
agrees on two main characteristics of "terrorism". The first characteristic is to attack
civilians in an effort to create a terror atmosphere in a population to reach a
political goal. The second is to
attack a legitimate government that is not generally recognized as despotic and
identified with by most of the people.
The terrorist attack of 911 is a typical act of terrorism that possesses
both characteristics.
However,
a reasonable and rightfully forceful revolution does not possess the above two
characteristics. First, it does
not have the goal to attack civilians in an effort to create a terror ambiance. A revolution will create chaos; even a
non-forceful revolution will be chaotic and will very likely harm innocent
people. However, harming civilians
and creating terror is not the needed means of revolution. Any revolution would try to avoid
harming civilians, for it runs counter to the goal of a revolution. Relying on harming civilians and
creating terror would ultimately receive the general opposition of the people
and is an atrocity that is impossible to be successful. It is fundamentally different from a
revolution that was launched in an effort to strive for people's rights.
The
second difference is that the target of a revolution is a despotic rule opposed
by the majority of people. When a
despotic rule deprives people's basic rights and suppresses and exploits the
majority, it thus encounters the opposition of the people. When people have the right for legal
struggles, normal people would try to use legal ways to reach their political
goals. There is no need for them
to risk their own lives. There is
no need for forceful revolution.
However,
when the forest is big, there are all kinds of birds. Facing a government where one might exercise legal struggle,
a government that guarantees people's freedom and rights, and a government that
was not spurned by the people in general, there are always abnormal people who
would want to use violence abusively in an effort to coerce the majority's will
by creating an terror ambiance.
This is terrorism conducted by madmen, which is totally different from
revolution, although both involve force.
Some
kindhearted friends think that one could reach the goal of revolution without
force. I have not seen this kind
of precedent yet. Some so-called
"color revolutions" that are extolled to the sky by some people
probably would never have been successful if there was no support, or at least
no involvement by the military and the police. If the Romanian army did not support the revolutionaries,
would Nicolae Ceausescu have surrendered to the people and been arrested with
"peace, rationality and non-violence"?
Not
only overturning tyranny for democracy needs a push forward by force, even
maintaining the operation and development of a democratic politics needs force
- the military and police. There
are people who live in a democratic country which is protected by the military
and police, yet are against others using force to overturn a tyranny. I do not consider that as a noble
sentiment, to the least it is pretending they know what they do not know and
forgetting their own origin. For
those people who live under the tyranny, yet are against people using force to
overturn the tyranny, then that is a shame. They are the accomplices of the tyrants.
Is
tyranny a kind of peace? Of course
it is not. When tyranny has a war
against its own people, could you make rationality out of it? Of course not. Otherwise, it is not a tyranny. Just like in dealing with hooligans and
bandits who are not reasonable, only by using force could we make them to be
reasonable and be able to reach peace within the society. Only when there is peace within a
society, can people use political means of peace, rationality and non-violence
to operate and perfect the democratic politics.
The
democratic politics is a politics operated via the means of peace, rationality
and non-violence. However, the
characteristic of all autocracy is that those in power can forcefully ruin the
rules of political operation according to their will. The Chinese Communist Party is a model for autocracy. Their knack for political operation is
to use scheming and intrigues to wreck normal rules of political
operation. Whoever is able to play
the cards without obeying the rules of the game, will get the upper hand.
But
a successful democratic politics is just the opposite. Take the United States of America as an
example. After a democratic frame
was forcefully built successfully, the rule within its people is peaceful,
rational and non-violent. Without
this kind of rule, it is impossible to draft a democratic constitution that
synthesizes various opinions.
Without a peaceful, rational and non-violent consultation, people would
not identify with this constitution.
A constitution that could not be identified with by the people, could
not be maintained except by force.
Then it would not be a democratic USA, but a Communist country.
The
Chinese have been struggling for democracy for more than one century, yet made
their root mistake on this important step. It is all right to respect authority and respect stability. But the mistake is to make the wrong
attribution for misusing a forceful revolution that is targeted against
tyranny, for the politics within the people. When schemes and violence are used in the politics within
the people, there are no rules for the politics. The result is a tyranny, instead of a republic.
Vladimir
Lenin and Joseph Stalin creatively developed the theory of class struggle, as a
way of dealing with the opposition forces in the society by the means of
tyranny, and destroying the opposition parties. In dealing with the opposition factions within the party,
they simply used "spying crime" as in dealing with criminals, as an
excuse to use violence for political struggles. Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party succeeded and
developed the approaches of Lenin and Stalin. They expanded the classes from identity to thought, from
spies to traitors, hidden traitors, scabs, and "so and so faction walking
on so and so roads". Thus,
they were able to destroy any opposition within the party, and developed a
Communist totalitarian system which is more autocratic than the former Soviet
Union.
These
processes of turning a democratic revolution into an autocratic regime share a
common characteristic which is to smash the rules of political operation as one
pleases. Not only the common
people, even the politicians themselves do not have the guarantee of basic
human rights. The portion of the
people who control power rely on the terror ambiance created by abusively used
forces, in an effort to reach the goal of eliminating dissidents. There is no reason to be made. There is no reason needed to be given
when it is unreasonable.
Autocracy
is state terrorism. It maintains a
regime by manufacturing terror and relying on terrorist actions. It is essentially different from a
forceful revolution in an effort to build a political rule of peace,
rationality and non-violence. They
have totally different goals.
Nowadays,
there are people who intentionally mix up these two things with totally
different natures. On one side, they
think that you can be rational with the tyranny, and thus should not use force
in dealing with the enemy to overturn the tyranny. They want you to use "peace, rationality, and
non-violence" in dealing with the tyranny. On the other side, they call the people with different
opinions to be unruly people and mobs, and encourage the Communist party to
suppress the people with violence.
These
kinds of people who are using not just action, but also emotion to speak for
the tyranny by standing on tyranny's position are definitely not democratic
personages. To the best, they are
the beggars who want to share a meal with the tyrants. Sometimes, these beggars could get a
cup of soup; sometimes they might be bitten by the dogs released by these
tyrants. We are sympathetic with
them, but meanwhile despise them as well.
To
hear Mr. Wei Jingsheng's commentary, please visit:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2010/WeiJS100402ChinaWayOut6.mp3
(Written
and recorded on April 2, 2010.
Broadcasted by Radio Free Asia.)
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中文版
Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A538-W312
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A538-W312
Release
Date: April 11, 2010
发布日：2010年4月11日
Topic:
The Way Out for China (Part VI) -- Wei Jingsheng
标题： 《中国的出路》之六 -- 魏京生
Original
Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)
此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）
如有中文乱码问题，请与我们联系或访问:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/report/report2010/report2010-04/WeiJS100411ChinaWayOut6A538-W312.htm
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《中国的出路》之六
-- 魏京生
说到暴力革命 、暴力反抗，有些朋友不禁会产生疑问：不是说现在时髦“和平、理性、非暴力”吗；时兴的是什么颜色革命；暴力革命听上去有点儿可怕，是不是恐怖主义呀？所以，首先要分清暴力革命和恐怖主义的区别。
恐怖主义没有什么公认的定义。但是全世界都同意其两个特点。首先就是他们以袭击平民、制造恐怖气氛来达到他们的政治目的。其次就是他们攻击的并不是公认的暴政，而是得到大多数人认同的合法政权。911的恐怖袭击就是典型的恐怖主义，同时具有上述两个特点。
合理合法的暴力革命不具备上述两个特点。首先是，它不以袭击平民制造恐怖气氛为目标。革命就是一场混乱，所谓非暴力的革命也同样是一场混乱，不可能不伤及无辜。但是，伤害平民和制造恐怖气氛不是革命所需要的手段。任何一场革命都会尽可能避免伤害百姓，因为那和革命的目标背道而驰。依靠伤害平民制造恐怖气氛，最终必将遭到人民的普遍反对。是一种不可能成功的暴行。它和为了争取人民的权利发动的革命，有着本质的不同。
其次就是革命的对象，是遭到大多数人反对的暴政。这个暴政剥夺了人民的基本权利；它压迫、剥削大多数人，因而遭到人民的反抗。在人们拥有合法斗争的权利时，正常的人都会通过合法的方式达到自己的政治目标，没必要去拼命，没必要搞什么暴力革命。
可树林子大了什么鸟都有。就有那么一批不正常的人，面对可以进行合法斗争的政权；面对保障人们的自由和权利的政府；面对并不是遭到人们普遍唾弃的政府，也要滥用暴力，依靠少数人制造的恐怖气氛胁迫大多数人的意志。这就是恐怖主义，是一群疯子的行为。这和革命毫不相干，尽管两者都使用了暴力。
有些善良的朋友认为，可以不使用暴力也能达到革命的目标。我没有看到这样的先例。被某些人吹捧上了天的所谓“颜色革命”，如果没有军队和警察的支持或者不反对，恐怕也不可能成功吧。如果罗马尼亚军队没有投向革命者的一方，齐奥塞斯库会因为“和平、理性、非暴力”而向人民低头吗？会乖乖的束手就擒吗？
不但推翻暴政、建立民主需要暴力的推动，就是维持民主政治的运作和发展，也离不开暴力--军队和警察。有些人在军队和警察保护下的民主国家生活，却反对别人用暴力推翻暴政。我不认为这是一种高尚的情操。说好听点儿那也是不懂装懂，数典忘祖。另一些人在暴政之下反对人们用暴力推翻暴政，那就是一种无耻，是暴政的同谋者。
暴政是一种和平吗？当然不是，它是对自己人民的战争。可以和暴政讲理吗？当然不行，否则它也就不是暴政了。就像对付不讲理的流氓和匪徒一样，只有使用暴力，才可以迫使他们讲理，才可以在社会内部达到和平。在达到了社会内部和平的前提下，才可以用和平、理性、非暴力的政治手段，运作和完善民主的政治。
民主的政治，就是用和平理性非暴力的方式运作的政治。所有专制政治的特点，就是当权者可以随意使用暴力破坏政治运作的规则。中国共产党是专制政治的典型。他们政治运作的诀窍就是使用阴谋诡计破坏正常的政治运作规则。谁有能力不按规矩出牌，谁就占上风。
而成功的民主政治恰恰相反。例如美国，在使用暴力成功地建立起民主的框架之后，在人民之间实行的是和平、理性、非暴力的规则。没有这样的规则，就不可能把各种意见综合起来制定出民主的宪法。没有和平、理性、非暴力的协商，人们也不会认同这个宪法。一个得不到人们认同的宪法，只能靠暴力来维持。那就不是民主的美国，而是共产党的国家了。
中国人为之奋斗了一百多年的民主，不就走错了这一步吗？崇尚权威，崇尚稳定都不错。错就错在了张冠李戴，把针对暴政的暴力革命，错用在了人民内部的政治。在人民内部的政治上使用阴谋和暴力，政治就没有了规则，就必然走向暴政，而不是走向共和。
列宁和斯大林创造性地发展了阶级斗争的理论。他们用对付暴政的手段对付社会上的反对势力，消灭了反对党。在对付党内的反对派时，干脆用对付罪犯的间谍罪，来为使用暴力进行政治斗争制造理由。毛泽东和中共继承和发展了列宁、斯大林的方法，把阶级从身份发展成了思想；把间谍扩大到了叛徒、内奸、工贼和走什么道路的什么派。他们几乎消灭了党内的任何反对力量，发展出比苏联更专制的共产极权制度。
这些把民主革命转变成专制政权的过程，有一个共同的特点，那就是随意破坏政治运作的规则。不但人民，就是政治家们也没有基本人权的保障
。掌握政权的一部分人，依靠滥用暴力制造的恐怖气氛来达到消除异己的目标。什么阶级斗争，间谍，叛徒、内奸、工贼和走什么道路的什么派，都是破坏规则消除异己的手段。并没有什么理论，不讲理还能有什么理论呢。
专制就是一种国家恐怖主义。依靠制造恐怖维持的政权；和企图依靠恐怖行动建立政权，是本质相同的恐怖主义。这和为了建立和平、理性、非暴力的政治规则而进行的暴力革命，有本质的区别，也就是根本目标的不同。
现在有些人故意混淆这两种性质完全不同的事物。一方面认为暴政是可以讲理的，因此不能用对付敌人的暴力推翻暴政，要对暴政“和平理性非暴力”。一方面又认为，有不同意见的人民是刁民、暴民，鼓励共产党用暴力镇压他们。
这种不但在行动上，甚至在感情上都已经站在暴政的立场上说话的人，决不是什么民主人士。充其量也不过是和暴君们分一杯羹的乞丐而已。有时候他们能讨到一杯羹；有时候也难免被暴君们放出来的狗咬伤。我们很同情他们，同时也鄙视他们。
聆听魏京生先生的相关录音，请访问：
http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2010/WeiJS100402ChinaWayOut6.mp3
（撰写并录音于2010年4月2日。自由亚洲电台播出。）
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