Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A587-W355
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A587-W355
Release
Date: November 21, 2010
发布日：2010年11月21日
Topic:
The Way Out for China (Part XXVIII): The Inspiration We Received from the
Rescued Chilean Mine Workers -- by Wei Jingsheng
标题： 《中国的出路》之二十八：智利矿难工人获救给我们的启迪 -- 魏京生
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The
Way Out for China (Part XXVIII): The Inspiration We Received from the Rescued
Chilean Mine Workers
--
Wei Jingsheng
We
have talked about the way out for China being a model combining an economic
development strategy of "sharing the wealth with the people" with a
democratic politics. Democracy is
not an empty slogan, but a real protection for people's rights and
interests. Democracy is not just a
protection of the economic development, but also the protection of the welfare
and security of the people in their lives and during their work. In the past, we often compared
ourselves with the developed countries.
But many others did not agree and argued that the developed countries
have the money. These people
thought that, if we developed according to the Communist government's policy of
"everything is about making money", one day we would be able to
accomplish the same.
My
view is different than theirs. I
do not think the difference is an issue of money or not, but the attitude
towards the people. In the minds
of these bureaucratic capitalists who believe in "everything is about
making money", human beings are just elements and tools of
production. This opinion is also
what Karl Marx described. The
capitalists only care about how much wages are to be paid and the efficiency of
work. Social welfare and workers'
conditions are not what the capitalists care about. They often say that they are capitalists, not
philanthropists.
So
should the workers in the factory be a simple production tool? Of course not. But how are we to force the capitalists
to consider workers as human beings just like themselves and care about their
welfare and conditions? Various
measures from Westerners' workers movements and governmental intervention have
indeed made the capitalists pay attention to social impact and their own image
in the society. Therefore, they
also had to pay attention to the rights and interests of workers. This attention leads to the policy of "sharing
the wealth with the people" being consciously implemented in action. Moreover, these capitalists also are
proud of their concern and care for their employees.
Recently,
a news item has not only received praises from the world, but also resulted in
exclaim in most of the Chinese news media. The news was about the Copiapó mining accident in
Chile. After 69 days, all 33
miners were rescued. The last one,
Luis Urzúa, was the shift foreman on the day of the collapse and the group
leader during the confinement. In
China, when a mining disaster happens, not only can we not expect the leaders
to place themselves in the most dangerous position, but also we cannot expect
the possibility of so much effort for the rescue. There are even reports in China that some mine owners would
block the vents to let the miners die, in an effort to avoid more expensive
payments afterward.
This
is the natural cruelty of the capitalists. It reflects the inhuman side of them. In an effort to save the souls of the
capitalists, and even more so make them consciously hold their human nature to
take care of their workers as their brothers, we must use social pressure and
governmental intervention. Under
the pressure of a governmental system, under the pressure of the public opinion
of the society, the capitalists will gradually become accustomed to consider
issues from the perspective of people, not just from the perspective of the
capital. The capitalists in Chile,
a country without too much money, yet a democratic developing country, have
become accustomed to care. It is
such a great difference from the capitalists in China, a country known as
"a country of etiquette".
What
do the capitalists in the democratic countries think of first when they are
faced with a catastrophic accident?
They would say the same as what the Chinese bureaucrats and capitalists
say when they face the television cameras: workers' safety is the most
important, etc. But the Chilean
capitalists are saying the truth.
They know that they have much to lose, and also know how to minimize the
losses. However, the losses in
their concern include both the creditability of their enterprises and
punishment by the government, as well as their own faces as humans. Money is not the most important factor
for their concern anymore. The
psychological characteristics of these capitalists as a human have been
transformed by the democratic system.
The
boundary line drawn by the government and society for the capitalists is:
usually you are a normal capitalist, moneymaking is your main
consideration. You can maximize
the function of your moneymaking business. This maximization is beneficial to the society. However, on the issues of worker
safety, welfare, and sharing of business success, you must be a human. You have to be like the others in the
society, with compassion, reason, and fairness in treating the others. Deal with these issues well is your own
work, otherwise it will be hard for you to be normal and receive respect from
others. Money is not the main
reason for respect; the main reason for you to get respect is that you know how
to be a good person.
So
what is the situation in China? It
is quite a contrary. The Chinese
Communist government took the lead in treating our people like pigs and dogs. Chinese capitalists certainly followed
suit well. They do not need to
treat the Chinese workers as human beings. Thus, the workers lost their characteristics as human, and
receded into mere elements of production.
The Chinese government is only concerned about GDP. So as far as you create enough GDP for
it, you made enough money, you will receive incentives and protection from the
Chinese government. That is
because you created tax revenue for the government and created achievements for
the officials to get promoted and rich.
If there are other issues from the people, the Chinese government will
help you to resolve them, by force if necessary.
The
Chinese communist government is a government of bureaucrat capitalism. It will not force the capitalists to be
human; instead it will punish the well behaved. The public opinion of the society has also fallen to
"nothing but money".
This opinion is the intended public opinion of this authoritarian
government. It is the intended policy
to turn humans into ghosts. It is
the intended strategy to make the whole society fall morally. If you do not agree and do not want to
surrender yourself to that, there is the dictatorial machine waiting to
suppress you. Even the capitalists
and politicians of the West have also joined arms in browning their noses from
the Chinese Communist capitalists.
These capitalists and politicians of the West want this opportunity to
make a lot of money. In their
hearts, the pure side of capitalists is seduced by this authoritarian
government. Although these
capitalists and politicians of the West cannot change the democratic system of
the West, they are trying hard to protect the dictatorial government in China.
China's
authoritarian system has not only hampered China's economic development, but
also damaged the Chinese people's life and security, including the environment,
culture, science and technology.
If we want to see a way out for China, we must to prevent it from
further damage. Some advocates
want to have a "positive engagement" with this authoritarian regime,
waiting for the big wigs of money and power to return the interests and rights
back to the people. I say this is
as unrealistic as to negotiate with tigers for their skins.
Only
when there is a democratic system like the West, then can there be large enough
pressure to force the governmental officials and capitalists to yield to the
society, to force them to be good humans.
Only a social system of democracy could guarantee people's rights to
correct these capitalists' human nature.
Even under a democratic system, the rights and interests of protecting
the people could only be realized by continuously applying pressure. Only with pressure will the capitalists
divide some of their nature to be restored back to humanity.
The
essential components of democratic societies are the different pressure
groups. The biggest pressure group
is the voting public. The vote is
the root cause for the government to stand on the side of the people, while refusing
the corruption of the money.
Without this factor, the possibility of the officials refusing the
corruption of the money is largely reduced, and it is almost for sure then the
government will become the government of the capitalists. This is why democracy is not an empty
slogan, but it is the underlying reason closely related to people's happiness.
To
hear Mr. Wei Jingsheng's commentary, please visit:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2010/WeiJS101015ChinaWayOut28miners.mp3
(Written
and recorded on October 15, 2010.
Broadcasted by Radio Free Asia.)
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中文版
Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A587-W355
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A587-W355
Release
Date: November 21, 2010
发布日：2010年11月21日
Topic:
The Way Out for China (Part XXVIII): The Inspiration We Received from the
Rescued Chilean Mine Workers -- by Wei Jingsheng
标题： 《中国的出路》之二十八：智利矿难工人获救给我们的启迪 -- 魏京生
Original
Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)
此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）
如有中文乱码问题，请与我们联系或访问:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/report/report2010/report2010-11/WeiJS101121ChinaWayOut28minersA587-W355.htm
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《中国的出路》之二十八：智利矿难工人获救给我们的启迪
-- 魏京生
我们已经谈到了中国的出路就是与民同富的经济发展战略和民主政治相结合的模式。民主不是一个空泛的口号，而是对人民权利和利益的实实在在的保障。民主不仅仅是经济发展的保障,而且是老百姓在生活和生产中的福利和安全的保障。过去我们常常拿发达国家作比较。但很多人不服气，说那是因为人家有钱。那些人以为，只要我们按照一切向钱看的政策发展下去，总有一天也会做得到。
我的看法和他们不同。我认为这不是有钱没钱的问题，而是对人的态度问题。在一切向钱看的官僚资本主义观念中，人只不过是生产要素、生产工具而已。这也是马克思的论述。因为按照资本家的正常观念，人在他的企业里的地位就是生产要素。资本家只关心开多少工资，工作效率如何。社会福利、工人的状况不是他自己需要关心的东西。他们常说自己是资本家而不是慈善家。
那么工人在工厂里就应该成为单纯的生产工具吗？当然不应该。怎样迫使资本家不得不关心和他们一样是人的工人的福利和状况呢？西方人创造的工人运动和政府干预等等措施，确实让资本家们不得不注意社会影响，不得不注意自己在社会中的形象。因此，他们也就不得不注意工人的权利和利益。这就导致了与民同富的政策被自觉地落实在了行动中。而且，这些资本家们也以关心爱护自己的员工为荣。
最近有一个新闻不仅引起了全世界的赞扬，而且引起了大多数中文媒体的感叹。这就是智利一个矿难，经过了近七十天的全力营救，三十三名矿工全部被营救出来了。而且最后一个出来的，是那组矿工在矿井里的头头。中国的矿难不要说领导走在最危险的前线了，花这么大的功夫去营救的可能性也没有。甚至有报道说为了少付善后的钱，中国的某些矿主会把通风口堵死。让工人都死在里面。
这就是资本家天然的残忍，是资本非人性的一面。为了拯救资本家们的灵魂，更为了使他们自觉地产生人性，把工人当作自己的兄弟一样关心，就必须用社会的压力和政府的干预来平衡。在政府制度的压力下，在社会舆论的压力下，资本家们会渐渐习惯于从人的角度考虑问题，而不仅仅从资本的角度考虑问题。所以，智利这个钱并不太多的，民主的发展中国家的资本家，才会和中国这个号称礼仪之邦的国家的资本家有着天壤之别。
民主国家的资本家在遇到灾难性事故的时候首先想到的是什么呢？他们面对电视镜头的时候会和中国的官僚和资本家说得一样：什么工人的安全最重要呀，等等。但是智利的资本家说的是真心话。他知道他有多大的损失，也知道怎样才能最大限度地减少损失。但是，他的损失里包括企业的信誉和政府的惩罚，也包括他们自己做人的脸面。钱已经不是他们要考虑的最重要的因素了。这就是民主制度改造后的，作为人存在的资本家的心理特征。
政府和社会给资本家划下的界线就是：平常你是个正常的资本家，挣钱是你主要考虑的问题。你可以最大限度发挥你挣钱的功能。这对社会是有利的。但在员工的安全、福利、分享企业成就的问题上，你必须是个人。你得是和社会上其他人一样的，有同情心的、讲道理的、公平待人的一个人。处理好这些问题是你的本职工作，否则你就很难在社会上做一个正常的、受人尊敬的人。钱不是你受尊敬的主要原因，做人才是你受尊敬的主要原因。
中国的情况是怎样的呢？恰恰相反。政府带头把人民当作猪狗一样对待。资本家们当然也有样学样，他们没必要把工人当人看待。于是，工人作为人的属性就退缩为仅仅不过是生产要素了。政府关心的是“鸡的皮”。只要你给他创造了“鸡的皮”，你挣的钱够多，就会得到政府的奖励和保护。因为你给政府创造了税收，给官员们创造了升官发财的政绩，老百姓的其它问题就有政府给你摆平。
中共政府是官僚资本主义的政府，没有人去逼资本家做人，反而是谁做好人谁吃亏。社会舆论也已经堕落到了一切向钱看。这就是专制政权的舆论导向，是把人变成鬼的政策导向，是让整个社会堕落的政策导向。你不服吗？有专政机器等着你呢。连西方资本家和政客们，也加入到捧共产党资本家臭脚的队伍里来了。他们需要有这个赚大钱的机会。他们内心里纯粹资本家的一面，也被专制政府吊起了胃口。虽然他们改变不了西方的民主制度，但是他们正在努力保护中国的专制制度。
中国的专制制度不但已经阻碍着中国的经济发展，而且在损害着中国人的生活和安全，包括环境、人文、科学技术都在受到专制政权的损害。中国要有出路，就必须阻止这种损害继续下去。有人主张和专制政权良性互动，等待有钱有势的大佬们主动把利益和权利奉还给人民。我说这是与虎谋皮。
只有像西方的民主制度下那样，制造足够大压力，才能迫使政府官员和资本家们向社会让步，才能迫使他们学会做人。只有民主的社会体系，才能保障人民拥有纠正资本家人性的权利。即使在民主的制度下，保障人民的权利和利益也是通过不断施加压力来实现的。资本家的本性只有在压力下才会分出一半来恢复人性。
民主社会的基本组成部分就是不同的压力集团。最大的压力集团就是选票。这是迫使政府不得不站在人民一边拒绝金钱腐蚀的根本原因。没有这个因素，官员们不受金钱腐蚀的可能性大大降低，政府不变成资本家的政府就几乎没有可能。这就是为什么民主不是个空泛的口号，而是和人民的幸福息息相关的根本原因。
聆听魏京生先生的相关录音，请访问：
http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2010/WeiJS101015ChinaWayOut28miners.mp3
（撰写并录音于2010年10月15日。自由亚洲电台播出。）
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