Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A644-W402
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A644-W402
Release
Date: Aug. 6, 2011
发布日：2011年8月6日
Topic:
The Way Out for China (Part XLII): Unfair Trade Hinders a Sustainable
Development in China -- Wei Jingsheng
标题： 《中国的出路》之四十二：不公平的贸易阻碍着中国的可持续发展 -- 魏京生
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The
Way Out for China (Part XLII): Unfair Trade Hinders a Sustainable Development
in China
--
Wei Jingsheng
To
say that the United States and other developed countries have become modern
colonies would seem too exaggerated to many. In fact, it is not.
Looking at colonial history, it is not exaggerated at all.
When
the word "colony" first appeared, the most developed countries were
still agriculture-based societies.
Each development in agricultural technology would result in rapid
population growth. When its
population reached saturation, a more developed country would war against less
developed countries, followed by an outflow of its population. The new settlements were called
colonies.
With
the development of industrialization, the developed countries gradually
transformed. Thus, the function of
colonies also transformed from population overflow into export markets for
industrial goods. To compete for
colonial territory was not important anymore; more important was the
competition for industrial export markets. Americans were the first to propose an open market policy,
replacing the expensive policy of competing for territory. This change is the main reason that in
the late nineteenth century, both China and Japan avoided being colonized after
they opened their markets. Since
then, the significance of a colony became its open commodity market, instead of
population export. What both World
Wars were fighting for were commodity markets, rather than territory.
From
the lessons of the two World Wars, the policies of the developed countries in
post-war times reached towards two directions, known collectively as
sustainable development strategies.
One of the policies was to continue the policy of open doors with shared
interests, promoted by the Americans in the 19th century. Today we call it global free trade or
simply globalization. The other
policy was to develop the domestic market, so people's incomes would grow in
pace with the economic growth. To
accomplish this policy needed large-scale government intervention in
??distribution, combined with the surging movement of the trade unions. The idea was to adjust the balance
between personal income and capital income to maintain an essentially
simultaneous increase of the domestic market, so as to maintain the
sustainability of the economic development of the country internally.
This
model of sustainable development showed its effect in the more than
half-century of the post war period.
Western democratic countries quickly advanced more than any countries
using other modes. However, the
economic model of sustainable development depends on the support of the
political and social systems.
Without a fair judicial system, it is not possible to have free and fair
trade. Without a political system
that is democratic and relatively clean it is impossible to ensure an equitable
social distribution system. The
economic success of the Western democracies is exactly due to the fundamental
safeguard of the democratic process and rule of law by its political systems.
Since
the failure of the "socialist big pot" of the Chinese Communist Party
(CCP), the CCP under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping adopted a deformed model
of the early capitalism. This model
was the bureaucratic capitalism once adopted by Nazi Germany and Japan. The characteristics of this model are
to widen the distribution gap and accelerate capital accumulation. The model takes on the expense of the
consumption of the people in their own countries, in an effort to reach the
highest possible rate of growth in order to catch up to the developed countries
quickly. It requires the support
of two conditions.
The
first condition is an anesthesia under the guise of patriotism and the suppression
of all trade union activities. The
second is to have an international consumer market which is greater than the
country's own. These conditions
were the reasons for the two World Wars fighting for colonies. But nowadays, China does not have the
power to compete for the colonial markets. At that time, the aides of Deng Xiaoping and Zhao Ziyang
found a strategy that could win the war without a battle. The strategy was to turn to the
so-called global trade and create a model for sharing the profits with the
capitalists of the developed countries, meanwhile using the developed markets
as a new type of colony.
As
a result, the United States and other developed countries have become a dumping
ground for new industrial products produced by the cheap labor in China, thus
replacing the U.S. industrial production.
This colonization completely changed the sustainable development model
after World War II. As the world's
factory, China is destroying the sustainable development economy of the
democratic countries, step by step.
At the same time, it is also corrupting the Western democratic systems,
forcing them to change towards systems dominated by lobbyists and campaign
donors.
The
success of the so-called China model requires the support of these basic conditions. Just as it was in Nazi Germany, what it
needs first is the anesthesia of patriotism and repression of trade unions and
any democratic movement. Then, with
the help of Western capitalists with whom it shares the profits, it needs an
unequal trade relationship under the pretext of free trade. After years of effort, this big matter
was accomplished by President Clinton of the USA and Chairman Jiang Zemin of
China. This was the famous PNTR
and WTO battle. After the United
States offered free trade status to China, China entered the World Trade
Organization and won the eligibility of free trade with all the developed
countries.
Since
then, for more than ten years now the trade deficit between China and the West
has grown rapidly. Just this year
alone, the anticipated US-China trade deficit will be more than 300 billion
dollars. This kind of dumping in
the form of a trade deficit is quite like the Western powers trade deficit with
China in the late 19th century, and with their own colonies in the 18th
century. The result was not only
the destruction of the national economy of the colonized country, but also the
prevention of its own market development.
There are disastrous consequences to both sides: not only has there been
a seriously unfair distribution and increasing wealth gap, it also has created
the recession in the United States.
Aggravated social problems will build. The difference is that, in the nineteenth century the
Western powers used their advantage of better technology, while today China is
using its "advantage" of low human rights standards.
Now
people only see the surplus of financial capital resulting in a recession. But they did not notice that the source
of excess capital is exactly from the unfair US-China trade. Under the suppression of the CCP
authoritarian regime, China's labor costs did not rise with economic
growth. This suppression
constitutes dumping not by a single enterprise, but by a whole country. At the same time, due to the slow
development of China's domestic market, it did not provide the export market
which should have been developed simultaneously for the USA. Further, due to a deliberate monetary
policy and non-tariff import barriers by the CCP regime, it has resulted in the
huge U.S. trade deficit and rapidly widening gap between rich and poor.
As
the GDP in China and the profits of the capitalists in both countries are
growing, the markets in both countries are relatively shrinking. This situation is the root cause of the
current economic downturn. It is
all due to the unfair trade relationship between the non-free economic system
in China and the free economic system in the United States. Before the democratization in China,
before China has a truly free and fair market economy, the US government must
come forward to adjust this unfair trade relationship, to return to the
relatively fair and equal position after the end of World War II. Not only are these conditions necessary
to end the recession in the USA, but also to impel China to raise its citizens'
income and to enter a sustainable development.
Whether
it is the capitalists in China or the USA, when there is a premise of high
profit, they will not hesitate to support authoritarian regimes, nor will they
want to improve technology and product quality voluntarily. The current unfair trade system does
not support sustainable development and democracy. It is a retrogression of the global economy and politics, as
well as a retrogression of human society.
To
hear Mr. Wei Jingsheng's related commentary, please visit:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2011/WeiJS110714ChinaWayOut42unfairtrade.mp3
(Written
and recorded on July 14, 2011.
Broadcasted by Radio Free Asia.)
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中文版
Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A644-W402
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A644-W402
Release
Date: Aug. 6, 2011
发布日：2011年8月6日
Topic:
The Way Out for China (Part XLII): Unfair Trade Hinders a Sustainable
Development in China -- Wei Jingsheng
标题： 《中国的出路》之四十二：不公平的贸易阻碍着中国的可持续发展 -- 魏京生
Original
Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)
此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）
如有中文乱码问题，请与我们联系或访问:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/report/report2011/report2011-08/WeiJS110806ChinaWayOut42unfairtradeA644-W402.htm
-----------------------------------------------------------------
《中国的出路》之四十二：不公平的贸易阻碍着中国的可持续发展
-- 魏京生
说美国等发达国家成为了现代殖民地，会让大家觉得太夸张了。其实不然。让我们来看看殖民地的历史，就知道一点儿也不夸张。
殖民地这个名词出现的时代，最发达的国家还是农业为主的社会。每一次农业技术的发展都会造成人口的迅速增长。到了本国人口饱和的时候，就会发生发达国家对不发达地区的战争，然后输出人口。这是早期殖民地的状况。
随着工业化的发展，发达国家逐渐从农业发达转变为工业发达国家。这个时候的殖民地功能也从人口输出地转变为工业品输出地。争夺殖民地领土已经不重要了，更重要的是争夺工业品输出市场。美国人首先提出的开放市场政策，代替了昂贵的争夺领土政策。这就是十九世纪末中国和日本开放市场后免于沦为殖民地的主要原因。从这个时代开始，殖民地的意义在于开放的商品市场，而不再是人口输出地。两次世界大战争夺的都是商品输出市场，而不是人口输出地。
总结两次世界大战的教训，战后发达国家的政策向两个方向发展，被统称为可持续发展战略。一个政策是十九世纪美国人提出的门户开放、利益均沾政策的延续。新的说法叫做全球自由化贸易，简称全球化。另一个政策就是发展国内市场，让人民收入和经济增长同步增长。具体做法就是政府大规模介入分配领域，和风起云涌的工会运动相结合。以此调节资本收入和个人收入之间的平衡；保持基本上同步增长的国内市场；保持本国经济发展的可持续性。
这种可持续发展的模式在战后的半个多世纪中展现了它的效果。西方民主国家迅速地把其它所有模式的国家远远地抛在了后边。但是可持续发展的经济模式有赖于政治社会体制的支持。或者说，没有公平的法制体系，就不可能有公平的自由贸易。没有民主的和相对廉洁的政治制度，就不可能保证公平的社会分配制度。西方民主国家经济上的成功，它的基本保障正在于它的民主、法制的政治体制。
自从共产党的社会主义大锅饭体制失败之后，邓小平领导下的中共采取了早期资本主义的模式的另一种变形，也就是纳粹德国和日本曾经采用过的官僚资本主义模式。这种模式的特点就是拉大分配差距，加速资本积累。这个模式以牺牲本国人民的消费为代价，以尽可能高的增长速度迅速赶上发达国家。这就需要两个条件的支持。
第一个条件是爱国主义的麻醉和镇压一切工会活动。第二个条件是有大于本国的国际消费市场。这就是两次世界大战争夺殖民地的原因。但现在的中国已经没有实力争夺殖民地市场。这时候，邓小平和赵紫阳的幕僚们发现了一个不战而屈人之兵的策略。这就是利用所谓的全球贸易，通过和发达国家的资本分享利润，同时把发达国家市场作为新型殖民地的模式。
于是，美国等发达国家成为了新的工业品倾销市场；而中国的廉价劳动力为中美双方资本生产廉价工业品，进而取代了美国的工业生产。这彻底改变了二战之后的可持续发展模式。中国作为世界加工厂，正在一步步地毁灭民主国家的可持续发展的经济体系。同时，这还腐化着西方的民主制度，迫使二战以后发展起来的民主制度向金主政治转变。
所谓中国模式的成功也需要一些基本条件的支持。和纳粹德国一样，它首先需要的是爱国主义的麻醉剂和镇压工会运动和民主运动。其次，就是在分享利润的西方资本的协助下，在全球自由贸易的借口下，得到不对等条件下的不公平的贸易关系。这件大事在历经多年的努力下，由美国的克林顿总统和中国的江泽民主席完成了。这就是著名的PNTR和WTO之争。在美国给予中国自由贸易的地位之后，中国进入了世界贸易组织，获得了和所有发达国家之间的自由贸易资格。
从那以后的十多年来，中国和西方的贸易逆差迅速增长，仅仅今年预期的中美贸易逆差就达到了三千多亿美元。这种以贸易逆差形式出现的倾销，很像十九世纪末年列强对中国的贸易逆差，及十八世纪他们对自己的殖民地的所为。其结果是毁灭了殖民地国家的民族经济，同时也阻止了输出国本国的市场发展。这对双方都是灾难性的后果：不仅在中国造成了严重的分配不公和贫富差距，也造成了美国的经济衰退。随之而来的是加重了的社会问题。所不同的是，十九世纪列强利用的是技术上的优势，而现在中国利用的是低人权的优势。
现在人们只看到了过剩的金融资本造成了经济衰退。但他们没有注意到过剩的金融资本的来源，正是不公平的中美贸易。在中共专制制度的压迫下，中国的劳动成本并没有随着经济增长上升。这就构成了不是单个企业，而是国家规模的整体倾销。同时，由于中国的国内市场发展缓慢，也没有为美国提供同步发展的进口市场；再加上中共蓄意的不自由的货币政策和非关税的进口壁垒，这就造成了巨额的中美贸易逆差和迅速拉大的贫富差距。
GDP在增长，两国资本家的利润在增长，同时两国的市场却在相对地萎缩，这是当前经济衰退的根本原因。而这些都来源于中国的不自由的经济体制和美国的自由的经济体制之间的不公平的贸易关系。在中国民主化之前，在中国有了真正自由的、公平的市场经济体制之前，必须由美国政府出面调整这种不公平的贸易关系，使它恢复到二战结束后的比较公平的、对等的状况。这不但是结束美国经济衰退的必要条件，也是促使中国提高国民收入，进入可持续发展的必要条件。
无论是中国的、还是美国的资本家，在有高额利润可赚的前提下，他们不吝惜支持专制政权，也不会去提高技术含量和产品质量。目前这种不公平贸易体系不支持可持续发展和民主制度。这是全球经济和政治的倒退，是人类社会的倒退。
聆听魏京生先生的相关录音，请访问：
http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2011/WeiJS110714ChinaWayOut42unfairtrade.mp3
（撰写并录音于2011年7月14日。自由亚洲电台播出。）
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