Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A672-W414
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A672-W414
Release
Date: Dec. 10, 2011
发布日：2011年12月10日
Topic:
The Way Out for China (Part XLV): Changing the Politics is the Premise of
Reforming the Economy -- Wei Jingsheng
标题：《中国的出路》之四十五：改变政治是改革经济的前提 -- 魏京生
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The
Way Out for China (Part XLV): Changing the Politics is the Premise of Reforming
the Economy
--
Wei Jingsheng
The
recent railway disasters in China proved the failure of the patchwork plagiarism
strategy of technology development that the Chinese Communist regime has used
for the past several decades. That
strategy was not a shortcut, but a total failure. It seemed to have sort of worked for the Communist regime to
rely on its Chinese scholars returning from overseas with stolen scientific and
technological achievements and do patchwork to produce some so-so minor
products inside China. However, if
we want to have systematic progress in science, if we want to improve China's
overall technological level, we must rely on a sophisticated social and
cultural background. Such has been
proven by the history of the past two hundred years.
Science
and technology in China nowadays are profit-oriented only for money. This attitude has created great
obstacles for the development of science and technology. The authoritarian social system of the
Communist Party maintains a devastating hammer on the environment of free
thought that is needed for culture and science. Therefore, if the Communist Party's authoritarian regime
does not change, they can only choose a so-called development strategy in a
small workshop-style by way of learning secretly and even stealing. This stealing ends up with an economic
system that is only advancing by importing other people's technology, instead
of one that is sustainable and independent.
To
put it in another way: in comparison to the normal pattern of sustainable
development, China's economic system is only partial with both ends
missing. The foreign media calls
it the world's factory. This label
is quite accurate, because the Chinese economic system lacks science and
technology at its top, and lacks a sufficient market below. These two ends are in the hands of
others, so China has just processing plants. Relying on Chinese people's hard work to make some money is
not development. Once the global
economy is in trouble, this giant processing plant which has neither the
technology nor the market will certainly become the one least to be able to
take initiatives.
From
another perspective, the current global recession has given China a chance to
adjust its structure. By learning
from the Western countries after World War II, China can start with expanding
its domestic market by improving the income of the working-class, and opening
import markets in exchange for the export market. By doing so, China can gradually achieve market stability,
rather than stealing someone else's market for China's own economic development. After all, stealing as a way to
maintain survival is by no means a permanent solution.
While
China should shift its marketing strategy domestically, it must also develop a
path for its own independent research and development. It should not only learn from the
experience of the United States and Europe, but also get rid of the bad habit
of relying on cheap labor as it has in the past three decades. It should enable enterprises to learn
how to rely on technological progress in a difficult environment, to honestly
develop business, rather than keep its fantasy of relying on opportunism
forever.
China
has far away examples such as the United States and Europe, and nearby examples
such as Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.
In the early stage of economic development, they also had to rely on
cheap labor and resources to accumulate capital. However, meanwhile, they also developed their own technology
systems, and quickly moved away from relying entirely on imported technology. At the same time, they also increased
the income of their people along with the economic development, and developed
their own domestic markets. Then,
their economic development began taking the right track. It began to become sustainable. It became able to initiate economic
development rather than rely entirely on someone else's technology and markets.
Will
the current China start from this wonderful blueprint now? I'm afraid not. The autocratic politics of the
bureaucratic capitalists does not accept this blueprint. Free markets and free thought and
culture are the best conditions for the development of science and
technology. However, if this
autocracy allows people to have so much freedom, how could it maintain the
politics of tyranny? If it allows
the improvement of people's income, where could it exploit excess profits? Without the one-party dictatorship, how
could it maintain the corrupt spending of trillions per year? All these aspects are related to the
interests of an entire ruling class.
This is the root reason that the one-party dictatorship is bound to stubbornly
resist to the end.
Let
me illustrate in an example. There
is an issue that people have been discussing for decades now: why are the
Chinese people in the West so much more talented that the Chinese in China? There are even talented Chinese who already
made achievements in the West, yet produced nothing after they returned to
China. The fact is not because the
Chinese people are no good, but because the social environment is no good. The main reason for this poor social
environment is the authoritarian politics in China which stifles freedom of
thought. Under the authoritarian
system introduced by the Chinese Communist Party, the performance of the
Chinese people is even less than that of their ancestors. So it is not because of genetic inferiority,
but because the authoritarian social system made the Chinese people less
socially motivated. No matter how
many foreign teachers and foreign materials are introduced, nothing is as
powerful as the system.
Let
me illustrate with another example.
These years, many Chinese enterprises have accumulated abundant capital
by relying on cheap labor. Some
even have more than what similar enterprises in the United States, Japan,
Taiwan and other countries had during their take-off stage of accumulating capital. However, we did not see these Chinese
companies put more capital into developing their own scientific research, but
instead in an unprecedented way used their capital for the consumption of
luxury and corruption, even praising it in the name of "corruption drives
up economic development." The
rest of capital spared by this corruption and consumption was transferred
abroad by every possible means, due to the lack of drive to improve technical
content inside of China.
Why
so? If we look at the living
environment of these capitalists, then we will understand. First, whether these companies make
money or not is not due to their technical content, but due to their
relationships with the powerful.
Corruption can help you get into the relationships, and the level of
corruption will determine if you will make a fortune. Since the technical content has nothing to do with the
relationship with the powerful, then it is detached from the fortune. Thus, people have lost the drive to
improve the technical content. Of
course there will be some entrepreneurs in the minority who are interested in
science and technology, but put too much focus on it. The result is that they will lose out to the people who have
good relationships with the powerful in the competition of survival of the
"fittest." Therefore we
can say authoritarian policy results in the key factor in market competition
not being technology and management, but relationships and corruption.
If
we do not change China's politics, then it is impossible to change the basic
situation of corruption. Thus it is impossible to develop the two ends of the
economy: technology management and a fair market. The winning path for an individual company is pragmatism --
it is a sensible choice to waste the capital on corruption, or send the money
abroad to be invested by the others.
These "sensible choices" guided by the authoritarian politics
mean that China's economy will never be able developed normally and the
majority Chinese people will never be able to obtain their just benefits from
any such economic development.
We could say that, due to this authoritarian politics, it would never be
possible for China to develop its own economy, but instead it will remain the
processing plant for others' economies, while for sure playing a bad role in
damaging those other economies.
Only
be changing the politics of the one party authoritarian regime is there a way
out for China. This is a simple
truth that has been proven in other countries.
To
hear Mr. Wei Jingsheng's related commentary, please visit:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2011/WeiJS110805ChinaWayOut45politicalreformforeconomy.mp3
(Written
and recorded on August 5, 2011.
Broadcasted by Radio Free Asia.)
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中文版
Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A672-W414
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A672-W414
Release
Date: Dec. 10, 2011
发布日：2011年12月10日
Topic:
The Way Out for China (Part XLV): Changing the Politics is the Premise of
Reforming the Economy -- Wei Jingsheng
标题：《中国的出路》之四十五：改变政治是改革经济的前提 -- 魏京生
Original
Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)
此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）
如有中文乱码问题，请与我们联系或访问:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/report/report2011/report2011-12/WeiJS111210ChinaWayOut45politicalreformforeconomyA672-W414.htm
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《中国的出路》之四十五：改变政治是改革经济的前提
-- 魏京生
最近的铁路灾难，证明了共产党几十年来的剽窃加拼凑的科技发展战略，并不是什么捷径，而是彻底失败的发展战略。中共依靠留洋的学者偷窃别人的科技成果，然后在国内拼拼凑凑，搞一些小打小闹的产品还马马虎虎。但是，要想搞出成体系的科技进步，要想整体性地提高中国的科技水平，就必须依托成熟的社会背景和文化背景。这已经被过去二百年来的历史所证明。
现在的中国科技急功近利，一切向钱看。这已经对科技的发展制造了极大的障碍。共产党的专制社会体制，对文化和科学所需要的自由思想环境进行着毁灭性的打击。所以，在共产党的专制制度不改变的前提下，他们也只能选择小作坊式的偷师学艺、小打小闹的所谓科技发展战略。他们只能是引进别人的技术的加工型的经济体系，而不可能有可持续发展的、自主的经济体系。
换一种说法就是：相对于正常的可持续的发展模式来说，中国的经济体系是一个掐头去尾的半吊子体系。外国媒体把它叫做世界加工厂。这相当准确。因为这个经济体系上边缺少科学和技术，下边缺少足够的市场。这两头都在别人的手里，剩下的可不就是个加工厂吗？靠着勤奋的老百姓的劳动挣点辛苦钱，谈不上什么发展不发
展。一旦全球经济有个风吹草动，这个既没有技术也没有市场的加工厂，肯定是主动权最少的一方。
从另一个角度看，现在的全球经济衰退也给了中国一个调整结构的机会。它可以比照西方国家在二战后的经验，从扩大国内市场入手：提高工薪阶层的收入，开放进口市场以换取出口市场。以此来逐渐走上市场稳定的路线，而不是靠偷取别人的市场来发展经济。靠偷窃来维持生存绝不是长久之计。
在市场策略转向内向的同时，还必须发展自主科技研发的道路。既要学习美国和欧洲的经验，还要改掉三十年来养成的依靠廉价劳动力的恶习。从而使企业在困境中学会依靠技术进步，老老实实地发展生意，而不是幻想永远地依靠投机取巧。
远的榜样有美国和欧洲，近的榜样有日本、韩国和台湾。他们在经济发展的早期，也曾经依靠廉价的劳动力和资源积累资本。但他们同时发展自己的科技体系，迅速地摆脱了完全依靠进口技术的阶段。并且，他们还随着经济的发展提高人民的收入，开拓国内市场。只有在这个时候，经济的发展才开始走入正轨，才开始变成可持续的发展，才开始拥有经济发展的主动权，而不完全依赖别人的技术和市场。
现在的中国可以开始这个美好的蓝图吗？恐怕不行。首先是官僚资产阶级的专制政治不接受这个蓝图。自由的市场和自由的思想文化，是科技发展的最佳条件。但是，给了老百姓这么多自由，专制政治将如何维持呢？提高了老百姓的收入，超额的利润从哪儿剥削呢？没有了一党专政，每年几万亿的腐败开支将如何维持呢？这些都关系到整整一个统治阶级的利益。这是一党专政必然会顽抗到底的根本原因。
举例说明。有一个大家议论了几十年的一个老问题，就是为什么中国人在西方出了那么多的人才，在中国本土就不行了呢？甚至在西方已经颇有成就的人才，回到中国就不行了呢？其实不是人不行，是社会环境不行。造成社会环境不行的主要原因，就是窒息一切思想自由的专制政治。在共产党引进的专制制度下，中国人的表现甚至不如他们的祖先。所以不是基因不如人，是专制的社会体制把中国人变笨了，变傻了。无论引进多少洋教师、洋教材，也不如制度的力量强大。
再举例说明。这些年来中国的企业依靠廉价劳动力也积累了雄厚的资本，甚至比美国、日本、台湾等国在起飞阶段积累的资本更加雄厚。但是没发现中国的企业把更多的资本用来发展自己的科研力量，倒是前无古人地把资本用来投入到奢侈腐败的消费中去了，还美其名曰“腐败带动了经济发展”。而腐败消费之余的资本则被千方百计地转移到国外，缺少在国内提高企业技术含量的动力。
为什么会如此呢？看看这些资本家的生存环境就明白了。首先是企业能不能赚钱不是技术含量说了算，而是靠关系说了算。腐败可以帮你打通关系，腐败的水平决定了你是否发财。而技术含量和关系不沾边，也就和发财不沾边。所以，就失去了提高技术含量的动力。当然，会有少数爱好科学技术的企业家，把过多的精力放在了科学技术上。结果就是在关系的竞争中优胜劣汰。因此可以说，专制政治决定了市场竞争的关键因素不是科技和管理，而是关系和腐败。
不改变中国的政治，就不可能改变腐败的基本形势，就不可能发展起经济的上下两头：科技管理和公平的市场。在这个形势下，识时务者为俊杰，把资本浪费在腐败上，或者汇往国外给别人投资，是比较明智的选择。在专制政治的引导下的明智的选择，就是中国的经济永远不可能正常发展，中国的大多数老百姓永远不可能从经济发展中得到正常的利益。或者说，中国永远不可能发展起自己的经济，只能是别的经济的加工厂，而且还必然起着破坏别人经济的恶劣作用。
必须改变一党专制的政治，中国才有出路。这是在别人的国家里已经被证明了的简单道理。
聆听魏京生先生的相关录音，请访问：
http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2011/WeiJS110805ChinaWayOut45politicalreformforeconomy.mp3
（撰写并录音于2011年8月5日。自由亚洲电台播出。）
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