Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A697-W436
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A697-W436
Release
Date: March 17, 2012
发布日：2012年3月17日
Topic:
The Way Out for China (Part LVII): Deng Xiaoping's Reform Inevitably and Has
Already Reached Its End -- Wei Jingsheng
标题：《中国的出路》之五十七：邓小平的改革必然且已经走到了头
-- 魏京生
Original
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The
Way Out for China (Part LVII): Deng Xiaoping's Reform Inevitably and Has
Already Reached Its End
--
Wei Jingsheng
Recently,
many scholars within the Communist system talk about two different reforms
within the period between the 1989 June 4 Tiananmen crackdown and Deng
Xiaoping's southern China tour.
Before that period, there were political reforms and economic reforms in
parallel; after that period, political reform has been lagging behind economic
reform, which was called lame reform.
In
fact, during the so-called era of dual reform, political reform also
encountered a great deal of resistance.
Within only one decade, Deng Xiaoping engaged several campaigns: from
the "strike hard movement" to undermine reform toward a rule of law,
to the June 4 Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989. In between, there were several efforts of "eliminating
the spiritual pollution", until two of the Secretary-Generals of the
Communist Party stepped down.
Deng's purpose had been to prevent the reform of the political system.
Now,
some well-known people within the Communist system have been working on some
theoretical seminars. Their plot
is really to use the already dead Deng to overpower the living devils. Their basic tone still draws a
blueprint of reform based on the bottom line of the one party dictatorship of
the Communist Party. That is why
they are whitewashing for Deng.
Their
experimental model seems to be the Guangdong model that has recently been
touted. Some scholars have pointed
out that a major feature of this model is to bring the mass leaders into the
Communist Party system, in order to adjust the mass movement into the track of
the ruling clique of the Communist Party.
That plan is to nip the bud of the resistance movement, in an effort to
reach a goal of maintaining stability by breaching the opposition from within.
Will
this plot succeed? I have to laugh
at these Communist Party members for reaching the end of their rope and only
repeat a trick taught by their ancestors: to include the rebel leaders into the
Communist Party, as a way to effectively control them. Mao Zedong and his wife Jiang Qing used
this rotten trick during the Cultural Revolution period. That trick was not very effective even
back then, in fact, it was a total failure.
During
the few years of the Cultural Revolution, political stars among the rebels
changed rapidly. Eventually, they
found a political idiot Wang HongWen, who failed and could accomplish nothing
when he was needed. Can you see
that the conflicts between the people and the interest groups of the Communist
Party have far surpassed what they were forty years ago? The number of people fooled then was
totally different that the awakening of the people now. The Communist rulers now do not have
the skill of Mao Zedong to trick the ordinary people, yet want to use the
already outdated means of Mao.
There is a saying called "marking the boat without regard to the
changing circumstances of the river". These Chinese Communist reformists need to think of this
saying while looking in the mirror.
Some
people will not be convinced and ask me back: "So tell me what is the real
reform?" I say that with the
current situation in China, reform has to be a revolution. If we do not have true reform, then
there will be a violent revolution.
It is very similar to the Arabic countries in North Africa last
year. Everyone is clear in his
mind about one thing: that we must get rid of the one-party dictatorship. Otherwise, we will not be able to go
over this mountain by any other alternative.
Let
me penetrate this subject further.
The so-called reforms of Deng Xiaoping were because he realized that the
social system of the Communist Party had already failed, and thus he had to go
back to the traditional form of ruling China. In the old China, it was a small-scale democracy led by
local gentlemen and the elite, which kept an authoritarian rule over the
majority of the people. The
central governments were composed of a group of elites concentrated by a
standard of examinations, who then assisted the emperor in decision-making
through the form of parliaments composed of the court and various departments
and supervision departments. It
was also a small-scale democracy that although sometimes got interrupted. This model was more compatible with the
ancient Chinese society, which has a majority made up of common people rather
than serfs.
That
system was a little more advanced than the western world of the same period,
wherein in the ruling of serfs was conducted by an aristocracy and the
church. That is why the Chinese
society could be maintained for more than two thousand years before the advent
of modern Western democratic systems.
After the emergence of democratic systems in the West, looking back, its
flaws are obvious. Among Asians
and the world, the Chinese people were the first to accept the thoughts of
Western democracy. This fact is
quite related to the traditional small-scale democratic culture in Chinese
history.
By
the way, the thought of equality before the law in modern Western legal systems
was also inspired by the Chinese legal culture such as "before law, a
crown prince is the same as the common people", through political thinkers
such as Baron de Montesquieu. In
the early period of the modern democratization of the West, the cultural elites
were very envious of China's legal culture and ruling skill. Conversely, Chinese people are very
receptive to Western democracy and legal culture. It has a lot to do with this kind of cultural exchange.
So
now that the Chinese people have already learned of the democratic system
invented by the Westerners, they will not be convinced to return to the
emperor's method. In an unforeseen
accident of history, the heresy of the Communist Party led many Chinese people
to stray into the wrong path.
Further, due to unexpected international situations and stupid decisions
by then American government, the Communist Party got its opportunity to test
their heresy. From the very
beginning, it failed miserably. It
only took a few years for Mao Zedong to fall from a god of the Chinese people
to their bane.
The
more than 2,000 years of the common people's social culture resulted in the
Chinese being particularly unable to adapt to a Communist rule that is similar
to the European medieval serfdom.
In the initial few years of its rule, the Communist Party became aware
that this problem was very serious.
Some people wanted to retreat a half step toward capitalism, while
others believed that the problem was due to an incomplete implementation of
communism. This is the struggle
between lines within the Communist Party during that time.
During
this struggle, the completely communist Mao Zedong had a victory. The result of him continuing on this
path was wide spread indignation and discontent. The state faced collapse and had to choose a new path. At that time, Deng XiaoPing, who did
not read books or newspapers but playing bridge all day long, accidentally
usurped the supreme power. What
good idea could he come up with?
To establish a democratic system according to the Chinese people's
century long hope would mean that they must give up the one-party
dictatorship. Of course they were
not willing to.
So
they had to take out that old model of the ancestors, the small-scale elite
democracy implementing an authoritarian rule over the majority of people. Before the advent of Western democracy,
it was also a ruling method that matched with a market economy. Its character and shortcomings are
bound to suppress opposition opinion, lack good protection of human rights, and
violate the basic human nature that is constantly pursued by humans since they
separated from the animal world.
Inevitably,
the return to the ancestor type of reform by Deng Xiaoping met its end
quickly. It resulted in intense
contradiction and tumultuous popular discontent. Under the current world structure, in China where not just
the elite, but also the majority of the people are awakened and pursuing
democracy, playing these outdated tricks is bound to crash. There is no room in Chinese people's
minds to tolerate these tricks anymore.
Honestly conducted democratic revolution is the only feasible way out.
More
than 100 years ago, the Chinese people already prepared themselves to implement
the Western style democracy. The
winding road has come to an end.
History has proven Sun Yat-sen's words: "History's tide is
mighty. Those who submit to the
world trend will prosper, while those who resist shall perish". Now the Chinese Communist Party must
choose to submit itself to the world trend or to resist. This one party dictatorship needs to
choose to take the initiative to fade like the former Soviet Union, or to
perish like Qaddafi. The
distinction is very large.
To
hear Mr. Wei Jingsheng's related commentary, please visit:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2012/WeiJS120119ChinaWayOut57DengXPend.mp3
(Written
and recorded on January 19, 2012.
Broadcasted by Radio Free Asia.)
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中文版
Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A697-W436
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A697-W436
Release
Date: March 17, 2012
发布日：2012年3月17日
Topic:
The Way Out for China (Part LVII): Deng Xiaoping's Reform Inevitably and Has
Already Reached Its End -- Wei Jingsheng
标题：《中国的出路》之五十七：邓小平的改革必然且已经走到了头-- 魏京生
Original
Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)
此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）
如有中文乱码问题，请与我们联系或访问:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/report/report2012/report2012-03/WeiJS120317ChinaWayOut57DengXPendA697-W436.htm
-----------------------------------------------------------------
《中国的出路》之五十七：邓小平的改革必然且已经走到了头
-- 魏京生
最近有很多体制内的学者提出，中国的改革开放以八九年的六四镇压到邓小平南巡为界限，有一个前后不同的改变。前一段政治改革和经济体制改革并行，后一段则是政治改革滞后于经济改革，被叫做跛足的改革。
其实所谓双改革的时代，政治改革也遇到了极大的阻力。仅仅不过十年，邓小平就搞了好几场运动：从严打破坏法制改革，到六四天安门屠杀。中间还花插着好几次“清除精神污染”，直到把两个总书记都搞下了台。其目的无非就是阻止政治体制的改革。
所以体制内的一些名人搞得这些个理论研讨会，其阴谋无非是拿邓小平这个死鬼来压现在的活鬼。基调还是在把共产党在一党专政底线上的改革当作他们改革的蓝图。所以他们才会为邓小平涂脂抹粉。
他们的试验田好像就是最近被吹捧的那个广东模式。有学者指出这个模式的一大特点，就是把群众领袖纳入到共产党的体制中去，以便于调整群众运动，使其纳入到共产党统治集团的轨道中来。也就是把反抗运动消灭于萌芽之中，达到从堡垒内部攻破反对派的维稳目标。
这个阴谋能够得逞吗？我又要笑这帮共产党黔驴技穷，只会老祖宗教给他们的那几招了。把造反派头头纳入到党组织中来，以便有效地掌控他们。这是毛泽东江青他们玩剩下的馊招。当年就不是很有效，或者干脆说就很失败。
在文革的几年时间中，造反派出身的政治明星换了一茬又一茬。最终他们找了个政治白痴王洪文，需要的时候却是成事不足败事有余。试问现在人民群众和共产党利益集团之间的矛盾，和四十年前是在一个档次上吗？当时人民受愚弄的程度，和现在人民的觉醒可以同日而语吗？现在的中共统治者没有毛泽东那种忽悠老百姓的水平，又想使用已经过时的毛泽东的手段。有个成语叫做刻舟求剑。中共的改革派不妨拿来照照镜子。
有人会很不服气地反问：那么你说什么才是真正的改革呢？我说到了中国现在的局面，改革就是革命；不真正地改就会有暴力革命。这和去年北非阿拉伯国家的情况大同小异。大家心里都明白的一件事，就是必须改掉一党专政。否则无论什么花样翻新都过不了这个坎。
说透彻一点。邓小平的所谓改革，就是看到了共产党的一套社会体制已经失败了，不得不回到了中国传统的统治方式。过去，地方上以绅士精英为主导的小范围的民主，对大多数老百姓来说是集权统治。而在中央则是以考试为标准集合起来的一群精英，以朝廷和各部委监察部门为议会的方式辅助皇帝进行决策。也是一个有时会中断的小范围的民主。这种模式比较适应大多数是平民而不是农奴的中国社会。
这比西方同时代的贵族加教会的，适应农奴制的统治方式要先进一些。所以能够在西方民主制出现之前维持了两千多年。在西方的民主制出现之后，回过头来看它的缺陷就很明显了。中国人在亚洲和世界上最早接受西方民主的思想，和这种传统的小范围的民主文化有很大的关系。
顺便说说，西方近代法制文化中的法律面前人人平等的思想，还是受到中国法制文化的启发。在西方现代民主化初期，文化精英们很羡慕中国的法制文化和统治技术。反过来说，中国人很容易接受西方的民主法制。和这种文化上的交流也有很大的关系。
但在中国人已经认识到西方人发明的民主制度后，你还用皇帝那一套就不能说服人了。意外的是共产党的一套异端邪说，让很多中国人误入了歧途。又因为意外的国际局势和美国人的愚蠢，共产党得到了机会试验他们的异端邪说。这从一开始就非常失败。毛泽东从中国人民的神明，几年时间就跌落成为灾星。
两千多年的平民社会文化，使得中国人特别不能适应类似于欧州中世纪农奴制的共产主义统治方式。从执政开始的几年共产党就意识到了问题十分严重。一些人想退半步走向资本主义，而另一些人认为是没有彻底实行共产主义才出现了问题。这就是那个时代所谓的路线斗争。
在这场斗争中彻底的共产主义者毛泽东胜利了。他把这条路走到底的结果是天怒人怨。国家面临崩溃，而不得不选择新的道路。这时候不读书、不看报，整天打桥牌的邓小平意外地篡夺了最高权力。他能想出什么好主意呢？按照中国人一个世纪的希望建立民主制，那就必须放弃一党专政。他们当然不愿意。
于是，他们只好拿出老祖宗的一套模式。那就是小范围的精英民主，来对大多数人民实行集权统治。这在西方民主制出现之前，也是可以和市场经济配套的统治方式。它的特点和缺点就是必然会压制反对意见和不能很好的保障人权，违反基本的人性，那个自从人类脱离动物世界以来就不断追求的基本人性。
邓小平的回归老祖宗的改革必然会很快就走到了头：矛盾尖锐，民怨鼎沸。在现在的人类大格局下，在中国不仅是精英，连多数老百姓也觉悟到要追求民主的前提下，再玩那些过时的花招必然会碰得头破血流。中国人的思想上已经没有容忍玩花招的空间了。只能老老实实地进行民主革命，才是可行的出路。
中国人早在一百多年前就准备好了实行西方模式的民主。曲折的道路现在已经走到了头。历史证明了孙中山的那句话：历史大潮浩浩荡荡；顺之者昌逆之者亡。现在共产党需要选择的是顺之还是逆之。一党专政需要选择的是像苏联那样主动灭亡，还是像卡扎非那样被动灭亡。这个区别还是很大的。
聆听魏京生先生的相关录音，请访问：
http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2012/WeiJS120119ChinaWayOut57DengXPend.mp3
（撰写并录音于2012年1月19日。自由亚洲电台播出。）
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