Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A703-W441
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A703-W441
Release
Date: April 22, 2012
发布日：2012年4月22日
Topic:
USTC Graduate Huang Ciping Discussing "What Legacy did Fang Lizhi Leave
for the Chinese Democratic Progress?" on Voice of America's Call-in
Program "Issues and Opinions"
标题：中国科技大学毕业生黄慈萍在美国之音的“时事大家谈”节目上谈“方励之为中国民主进程留下什么遗产”
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Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)
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USTC
Graduate Huang Ciping Discussing "What Legacy did Fang Lizhi Leave for the
Chinese Democratic Progress?" on Voice of America's Call-in Program
"Issues and Opinions"
On
April 16, 2012, Voice of America invited Ms. Huang Ciping, the executive
director of the Wei Jingsheng Foundation, to its studios to appear on its
call-in program "Issues and Opinions", hosted by Lin Sen. The topic was "What Legacy did
Fang Lizhi Leave for the Chinese Democratic Progress?" Huang Ciping was a physics student at
the University of Science and Technology of China where Fang was a physics
professor and the vice-president in 1980's.
Fang
Lizhi supported the democracy movement and has been in exile for more than 20
years. He passed away not long
ago. The American government
praised him as the pioneer for Chinese human rights and democratic
reforms. Fang Lizhi influenced a
whole generation of the Chinese youth.
Yet, due to the information blockage by the Chinese government, now the
Chinese youths do not know much about him.
The
program was broadcast via TV, radio and through the Internet. During the one hour-long talk show, Huang
Ciping also exchanged opinions with the Chinese audience, TV, and Internet
viewers. Yang Jianli was another
guest in this show.
Huang
Ciping started by introducing Fang Lizhi as the top astrophysicist in China,
excellent in both teaching and academics, and loved by his students. Host Lin Sen asked why the University
of Science and Technology of China, which is located in the fairly remote city
of Hefei, produced famous professors including Fang. Huang Ciping explained that it was because Hefei is far away
from the political center and thus received less political influence and had a
stronger atmosphere of freedom. In
particular, its teachers like Fang educated and encouraged students positively,
especially promoting their independent thinking. These same students had the highest college entrance scores
during these years.
Huang
Ciping recalled that these privileged students of USTC had a strong sense of
responsibility and mission at that time to change China for the better. Their active minds were eager to learn,
especially from the outside.
Fang's seminars about his observations and thoughts from his Japan visit
and European visits were particular popular at that time.
During
the 1980's, the Chinese government encouraged youth to modernize China. Thus the best students often chose to
study mathematics, physics and chemistry, which is also the way to avoid the
often brutal politics. Huang stated
that the Communist Party is not sincere about democracy. Deng Xiaoping built his own reputation
through reinventing the "Four Modernizations" for China. Yet, as soon as Wei Jingsheng asked for "the Fifth
Modernization - Democracy", Wei was thrown into jail immediately.
The
callers expressed their sorrow for Fang's passing and praised Fang as the elite
of the nation and a hero and pioneer of democracy. In response to the topical question "What Legacy did
Fang Lizhi Leave for the Chinese Democratic Progress?", Huang said that
although Fang Lizhi has passed away his education of the youth was not wasted,
even though many people may not know his name now. Fang's spirit has not died; in fact, it has spread. The students of the 1986 and 1989
democracy movements have not forgotten him. Huang recalled that the 1989 democracy movement was really initiated
by the 1986 student movement starting from Hefei. The direct trigger of the 1989 democracy movement was Fang's
January 6 open letter to Deng Xiaoping, asking for the release of Wei
Jingsheng. These events themselves
were enough to prove Fang Lizhi's huge contribution to the Chinese democratic
movement.
Responding
to a caller's comment about June 4, 1989, Huang Ciping further pointed out that
Fang Lizhi's scientific attitude and spirit of seeking the truth was indeed
very important. Before the June 4
massacre in Beijing, even Fang himself as a Communist party member naturally
held illusions about the Communist Party.
However, the gunshots on that day broke people's illusions and made them
truly awaken. People learned that,
instead of kneeling on the ground begging reforms from the Communist regime, we
must strive for democracy ourselves.
This is the huge contribution from Fang Lizhi, as well making the 1989
democracy movement a turning point and an important landmark of Chinese modern
history.
During
the interview, the VOA also broadcast the painting showing Fang Lizhi giving an
inspirational speech to people, mostly students. The painting is part of a modern historical series created
by the Wei Jingsheng Foundation, which was exhibited in the US Congress in
2009.
In
response to a comment about "collective memory loss" about the June 4
massacre in Beijing, Huang Ciping pointed out that it was not "memory
loss", but people's memory suppression given that one is not allowed to
talk about past history and truth.
She said that in particular, the people of Beijing who experienced June
4 massacre would not forget about it, but are only afraid of to talk about it. Responding to the rumor that Premier
Wen Jiabao is talking about "overruling June 4", Huang Ciping said
that we should not entrust our hope in the Communist leadership. We must push and strive for ourselves,
thus continuing to put pressure on the government. She further stated that even people who do not know much
about June 4 would like to know the truth and the details of the history. She made a reference to the Wei
Jingsheng Foundation's June 4 commemorations video which was released in
observance of the 20th anniversary of the June 4 massacre and had more than
10,000 downloads in just a few days.
One
caller related Fang Lizhi's seeking refuge at the American embassy in 1989 to
Chongqing public security chief Wang Lijun's similar conduct just 2 months
ago. Another caller talked about
the recent coup of Bo Xilai and Wang Lijun, as well as the importance of a
democratic rule of law.
Huang
Ciping responded: "Of course we support a democratic rule of law. Look at the high official Bo Xilai: as
soon as he got himself in trouble, he lost even the basic rights. So the average Chinese are even more
vulnerable.
Huang
also recalled the former U.S. Ambassador to China James R. Lilley's
conversation with her about Fang Lizhi's time in the embassy. She expressed that on one hand, she
wishes that as the effective leader of the democratic movement of that time,
Fang could have continued his effort; yet on the other hand, she understands
the terrified feelings Fang had at that time. The Chinese Communist Party had killed tens of millions of
Chinese in the past. However, a
massacre unfolding on live television is particular scary. Fang choose the American embassy
because the USA is a place with democracy and rule of law.
Huang
Ciping further pointed out that even Wang Lijun, an anti-American Communist
leader would run to an American consulate when his life is in danger. There are people who wait in line in
front of the US embassy seeking a visa to leave the country even though they
may sing a high tone of "patriotism" meanwhile. The Fujian fishermen use their feet to
flee and vote for the USA. The
high level Communist officials send their wives, children and wallets to
overseas in a hurry as well. Why? Because they also know that in a
country like China without democracy and the rule of law they may at any time
be unable to keep their own lives, just as Bo Xilai and so-called Bo Gu Kailai
may lose theirs.
Regarding
why there are not any scientists in China who won the Nobel Prize even though
there are already many people of Chinese decedent who have won, Huang Ciping
used her own experience to illustrate the importance of freedom and democracy,
especially academic freedom of thought for scientific research. She concluded that the reason for the
lack of prizewinners is a systematic problem of a lack of freedom of thought in
China.
In
response to a caller, Huang Ciping pointed out that the Communist Party has
tried to use "three representatives" to buy out elites, including
intellectuals. But not all could
be bought and many intellectuals do have their conscience. Now people have already reached a common
ground. Back in 1989, the ideas of
democracy, freedom and the rule of law were mainly pursued by intellectuals and
students. However, these ideas are
already spreading to the whole country, even to the average rights defending
people. This spread is the most
important contribution of Fang Lizhi toward the Chinese democratic progress.
Link
for the VOA show:
http://www.voanews.com/chinese/news/20120416-issues-opinions-june-4-legacy-147609455.html
video
of the VOA show:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_U64opZrl0&list=PL8CFFC19C4C4FEBE9&index=1&feature=plpp_video
and
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRkNa5fl_ak&list=PL8CFFC19C4C4FEBE9&index=2&feature=plpp_video
Wei
Jingsheng Foundation's painting of Fang Lizhi giving an inspirational speech to
people:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/pic/newsletters/newsletters2012/newsletters2012-1/FangLZ0910byHaiyan.jpg
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中文版
Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A703-W441
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A703-W441
Release
Date: April 22, 2012
发布日：2012年4月22日
Topic:
USTC Graduate Huang Ciping Discussing "What Legacy did Fang Lizhi Leave
for the Chinese Democratic Progress?" on Voice of America's Call-in
Program "Issues and Opinions"
标题：中国科技大学毕业生黄慈萍在美国之音的“时事大家谈”节目上谈“方励之为中国民主进程留下什么遗产”
Original
Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)
此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）
如有中文乱码问题，请与我们联系或访问:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/report/report2012/report2012-04/HuangCPonFangLZ120422VOAshowA703-W441.htm
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中国科技大学毕业生黄慈萍在美国之音的“时事大家谈”节目上谈“方励之为中国民主进程留下什么遗产”
2012年4月16日，黄慈萍受美国之音中文部的邀请参加由林森主持的“时事大家谈”叩应节目。这次节目的题目是“方励之为中国民主进程留下什么遗产？”黄慈萍曾在方励之教学并任副校长的中国科技大学就读物理学。
因支持"六四"民主运动而流亡美国二十多年的天体物理学家方励之不久前去世。美国政府称赞他是中国人权与民主改革的先驱。方励之曾经影响了整整一代中国年轻人，然而由于中国政府对信息的屏蔽，如今众多的中国年轻人对此知之甚少。
这个节目以电视、电台、与因特网的形式播出。在这个一小时长的节目中，黄慈萍与中国的听众、观众、及因特网用户交流。公民力量的杨建利也参加了这次节目。
节目之始，黄慈萍回顾了方励之作为中国出色的天文物理学家和为学生所爱戴的老师的过去。在回应林森为什么地处偏僻合肥的中国科技大学却出了方励之这样的教授时，黄慈萍指出正是因为合肥的天高皇帝远，所以科大的自由气氛比较浓烈。她还说，一方面当时科大属于高校入学考分最高的学校，学生素质比较高；而另一方面则是因为方励之这样的老师对学生的正面影响和教育，尤其是鼓励学生们独立思考。
黄慈萍回顾当年科大的学生有着很强的改善国家的使命感。他们思想活跃，积极上进，对外界很好奇。那时，方励之的访日见闻、访欧见闻的讲座极受欢迎。
在中共推动下，80年代崇尚科学的气氛使得最好的学生都去学数理化，所以科大的学生考分很高。而避免学文科，以免政治上惹麻烦则是另一层考虑。黄慈萍指出，中共没有民主的诚意。邓小平重提“四个现代化”，借此树立威望。而一旦魏京生提出“民主现代化”，就马上被打入大狱。
听众来电纷纷表示对方励之去世的惋惜之情，并称赞他为民主英雄和先驱。就“方励之为中国民主进程留下什么遗产？”的主题，黄慈萍指出，也许现在许多人不知道方的名字，但他没有白白教导，他的精神也已经传播出去了。86/89学生那一代人都没有忘记他。黄慈萍回顾到89民运其实起源于合肥开始的86学潮，而89民运的第一根导火索就是89年1月6日方励之给邓小平要求释放魏京生的公开信。这些事件本身就足以证明方励之对中国民运的卓越贡献。
就听众关于希望平反64的评语，黄慈萍进一步地指出方励之求实的科学态度和精神是很重要的。在89年的64屠杀之前，方作为共产党员，难免对中共报有幻想。但64的枪声打破了中国人民的幻想，使得人们真正觉醒，懂得了不应该跪在地上求中共开恩，而必须自己来争取民主。这是方先生的巨大作用，也使得89民主运动成为中国近代史上的一个转折点和里程碑。
美国之音还展示了魏京生基金会创作的方励之在80年代鼓动学生的画像。这是2009年魏京生基金会在国会举办的近代历史艺术展的一部份。
在谈到中国人有关64屠杀的“集体失忆”时，黄慈萍指出其实那并非“失忆”，而是记忆被强制性地压制。她说，尤其是在北京经历过64屠杀的人，他们不可能忘却，但却不敢谈。就温家宝要“平反64”的传言，黄慈萍说：我们不能寄希望于高层，我们自己必须推动、必须争取，以民意来推动中共。她进一步指出，人们即使不了解64，也想知道真相。她以魏京生基金会就64屠杀
20周年而制作的录像片，几天时间就被下载了上万次，说明人们对历史真相的渴望。
一位听众提到方励之当年逃到美国大使馆的情况，以及两个月前重庆公安局长王立军逃到美国驻成都使馆的事。另一位听众提到了最近的薄王事件及民主法制的重要性。
黄慈萍回应说：“我们当然支持民主法制。看看薄熙来这样的高官，一旦被双轨，就连自己最基本的权利也失掉了，更何况一般的老百姓？”
黄慈萍还回顾了她当年与前美国驻中国大使李洁明谈论有关方励之逃亡美国大使馆的细节。她还表示，一方面是希望方作为当时民意的民运领袖能坚持下去，但另一方面也能理解他的恐惧。共产党杀人如麻，以数千万人计。但64屠杀是直接在电视上就能看到，因而更为恐怖。这能理解。可为什么方选择逃亡美国大使馆？这正是因为美国是个有民主和法制的地方。
黄进一步指出：王立军作为最反美的左派，逃亡美领馆；方励之逃亡的是美使馆；美国使馆前等签证的长队里那些人也许在国内还高调爱国，却也知道要走出这个国家；福建船民用脚投票，偷渡美国；中国的高官这些年忙于将老婆孩子和钱包送到海外，又是为什么？这是因为他们都知道在一个没有民主法制的国家，他们最后可能连命都保不住，像薄熙来和什么薄谷开来很可能面临的那样。
就为什么许多华裔获得了诺贝尔科学奖，却还没有一个中国本土的中国人能得奖的问题，黄慈萍以自己的经历来说明民主自由、尤其是学术自由对科学研究的重要性--中国境内的中国人赢不了诺贝尔科学奖是由于整个系统出了毛病。
黄慈萍还回应一位听众说：共产党用三个代表来收买知识分子，但并不能收买所有人，包括知识分子中还有良心的人。而现在大家已经达到有关民主自由法制的共识。民主、自由、法治的观念在1989时主要还是知识分子和学生的诉求，但现在已经深入人心，普及到了全中国，连一般维权的老百姓都知道。这是方励之先生对中国民主运动最重要的贡献。
美国之音节目的原始连接：
http://www.voanews.com/chinese/news/20120416-issues-opinions-june-4-legacy-147609455.html
美国之音录像：
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_U64opZrl0&list=PL8CFFC19C4C4FEBE9&index=1&feature=plpp_video
and
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRkNa5fl_ak&list=PL8CFFC19C4C4FEBE9&index=2&feature=plpp_video
魏京生基金会王海燕创作的方励之在80年代鼓动学生的画像:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/pic/newsletters/newsletters2012/newsletters2012-1/FangLZ0910byHaiyan.jpg
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