Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A753-W479
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A753-W479
Release
Date: February 23, 2013
发布日：2013年2月23日
Topic:
On China's Relations with the Korean Peninsula -- Wei Jingsheng
标题：中国和朝鲜半岛的关系 -- 魏京生
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Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)
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On
China's Relations with the Korean Peninsula
--
Wei Jingsheng
There
is at least 3,000 years of history of the relationship between China and the
Korean Peninsula. The first
recording started from the time when Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty established
feudal lordships. Ji Zi, the
brother of the last emperor of Shang Dynasty Zhou, was enfiefed as lord in
Pyongyang, and the name of the country became ChaoXian (North Korea). At that time, the south part of the
Korean Peninsula had three similar countries; all were called Han (South
Korea). Now the name of the
country in the south is called Han Country, as inherited by the tradition of
their ancestry.
Several
hundreds years after Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty enfiefed feudal lords,
North Korea of Ji Zi's time no longer existed. The Han Dynasty made it a prefecture called Xuan Fu
Prefecture, which means the Prefecture of black tigers. The name suggests there were a lot of
Siberian tigers in this region from ancient times, which produced a lot of tiger
skins. People in this region were
also very intrepid, producing heroes who could conquer tigers.
Several
hundred years later, the Korean ethnic group moved into the area and made up
its major population. After the
Koreans established their country, their relationship with the dynasty in the
Central Plain of China was complicated. Sometimes they were at war, while
sometimes they had peace.
Sometimes they were subjects of the Chinese dynasties and sometimes they
were independent. However, their
culture and trade relationships were always tight. The festival ethnic clothes of both South and North Korea
nowadays are actually the clothing style of the Song Dynasty in China preserved
in a very complete state. The
folding fans we the Chinese use during the summer really came from Korea.
During
the Ming Dynasty in China, a Korea under Kings of the Li family was
established. The relationship
between this peninsula kingdom and the Dynasty in the Central Plain of China
was stabilized for several hundred years.
However, the social structure in Korea did not copy what was in
China. Instead, it continued a
feudal society that was similar to what was in Japan. The majority population were slaves and surfs with a
backward production capacity. Its
economy, politics and defense all relied on the Chinese dynasty, which was sort
of like the relationship between the Western colonies and their suzerain
states.
This
situation continued until the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. Afterwards, the Korea society, economy
and culture made rapid progress developing towards a modern country. After World War II, according to the
agreement between America and Soviet Union, the peninsula was divided into two
halves. The north became a
Communist country, while the south continued its learning from the West. Eventually, the south was able to join
ranks with the Western countries and modernize. This separate development was similar to the tracks of the
south and north parts of China.
However,
different from the ancient times, the current Korea is not a feudal culture
lagging behind the Central Plain of China. Japan, which was moving towards modernization, was able to
inject a lot of content into the Korean culture -- besides science, technology,
literature and music, etc. it also introduced the nationalism which was once
popular in Europe. The Koreans
gradually gave up the Confucius culture that they had followed for several
years, and resumed the sometimes arrogant independent spirit of the ancient
Koreans.
Thus,
not only did the people in its southern part continuously protest against the
Americans who protect them, its northern dictators were never really thankful
to the Chinese Communist regime that protects them. Now and then, these dictators would have lousy ideas to
cause a headache of the Chinese government. Before the Soviet Union collapsed, Kim Il Sung drifted
between the two suzerain states of China and Soviet Union -- by relying the
bestowed rewards from these two sides, he maintained the north's extremely
backwards dictatorial regime.
By
the time of Kim Il Sung's son, Kim Jong-Il, there was no Soviet Union, thus he
lost the opportunity to play double dealer. So Kim Jong-Il simply played hoodlum. Sometimes, North Korea would be the
hatchet man for the Chinese Communist regime; but now and then, Kim Jong-Il
would alternate with misbehavior to the Chinese communists as a way to show his
independence in front of the North Korean people, to encourage their arrogant
psychology and so maintain the authority of his ruling. However, this kind of cheap trick of
deception is hard to maintain.
Once it is exposed, it will lead to collapse. Probably the third little emperor of these Kims has realized
this, and thus he is getting ready to learn something from Deng Xiaoping in
trying to make some economic reform.
Although he is very shy and secretive on this matter, that is what the
trend is, without a road for him to turn around.
After
the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Chinese Communist regime become the
only Suzerain state for North Korea.
By relying on the backwardness of the North Koreans, the Chinese
Communists were able to force the little Kim emperors to be the pawns of the
Chinese regime by threatening them with their own survival. Now the Chinese communists are still
trying to control North Korea's open trade, continuously using North Korea as
its stooge. Under these
circumstances, the scheme of South Korea and the USA to use aid to replace the
control of the Chinese Communists came out. But this scheme for sure will not be successful, for they do
not understand the Communist Party.
The
dictators of the Communist Party are not fools. They know that to tolerate misbehavior of their own
Communist confederates will not subvert their dynasties. But tolerating the control of a hostile
political system will cause the dictatorial political system of the Communists
to soon collapse or deteriorate.
Maintaining the dictatorial rule of the Communism that unifies church
and state is always their basic principle. On this issue, Deng Xiaoping was most candid. The others may not speak out but have
clear minds. These Communists will
not be tricked easily.
Exactly
from this basic principle, the Chinese Communists maintain their economic aid
to the Dynasty of this third Kim emperor with full confidence. Kim Jong-un, this third emperor,
behaves just like his father Kim Jong-Il -- now and then he does something that
oversteps the boundary, acting like a spoiled child and asking for
candies. Kim Jong-un first played
with missiles, then nuclear weapons.
On the surface, he seems doing this targeting the West. In reality, he stages it to show
Beijing, as a way asking for more candies.
However,
the detailed situations of the three parties have a lot of complications. This conduct of playing with fire for
the purpose of candies could really cause a major fire to break out. There are two main reasons.
The
first is due to the internal conflict within North Korea. The rule of extreme
dictatorship is very hard to maintain with lies nowadays as information is
getting easier to propagate. Even the Chinese Communist regime is hard to
maintain despite its big compromises to the Chinese society, not to mention
that the cruel rule of the Kim dynasty makes the North Korean people less and
less tolerant. The motivation for
rebelling from within will come out of this, and getting stronger and
stronger. This situation will
cause the rulers to consider releasing the internal conflict outwards. Or, to put it simply, to use war to
resolve the internal conflict.
The
second reason is that this stooge psychology of the Kim dynasty is secure on
the knowledge of being strong due to the support, without concern of proper
restraint. When it is needed, it
will do as it pleases under its arrogant mentality. After all, it has connections with the powerful, so it will
try to resolve troubles by war. By
then, the Communist Chinese masters will be dragged into an unprepared war by
this arrogant flunky, just as in 1950 when China was pulled into a war that was
extremely unfavorable to China by his grandfather. This new messy war will be extremely unfavorable to China,
the USA, and South Korea. It will
only be favorable to the third emperor of the Kim Dynasty, maybe also Russia.
Neither
the USA, Japan, nor South Korea have the ability to control this prospect; only
China may change this situation.
That is by clearly withdrawing its attitude of unconditional protection
of the Kim Dynasty, forcing it to stop its risky behaviors and to initiate
political and economic reforms of its system. If China continues what it did during the Jiang Zeming and
Hu Jintao eras, which was to offer the candies when the spoiled kid made trouble,
then soon North Korea will be a disaster for China. China must discipline this misbehaving dog and put a chain
around its neck, thus to make it at least follow the master's steps instead of
freely causing trouble. Otherwise,
China should replace this dog with a better one.
To
hear Mr. Wei Jingsheng's related commentary, please visit:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2013/WeiJS130125SinoKorea1.mp3
(Written
and recorded on January 25, 2013.
Broadcasted by Radio Free Asia.)
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中文版
Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A753-W479
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号： A753-W479
Release
Date: February 23, 2013
发布日：2013年2月23日
Topic:
On China's Relations with the Korean Peninsula -- Wei Jingsheng
标题：中国和朝鲜半岛的关系 -- 魏京生
Original
Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)
此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）
如有中文乱码问题，请与我们联系或访问:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/report/report2013/report2013-02/WeiJS130223SinoKorea1A753-W479.htm
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中国和朝鲜半岛的关系
-- 魏京生
中国和朝鲜半岛的关系，有至少三千年的历史。史书记载是从周武王分封诸侯开始。商纣王的兄弟箕子被封在平壤，国名就叫朝鲜。当时的半岛南部有三个叫韩的小国并立。现在半岛南部的国名叫做韩国，也算是继承了祖先的传统吧。
在周武王分封后几百年，箕子的朝鲜已经不存在了。汉朝把这块地方划为了一个郡，叫做玄芣郡，就是黑虎的意思。可见这个地方自古就是东北虎特别多的地方，曾出产虎皮。这儿的人民也很强悍，是出产打虎英雄的地方。
到现在半岛的主体民族高丽人迁进来，又经过了好几百年。高丽建国后，和中原王朝的关系就是打打和和，一会儿称臣，一会儿独立。但是其文化以至于商贸关系从来就十分紧密。现在朝鲜和韩国的节日民族服装，其实就是宋朝的服装样式，比中国人自己保存的还要完整得多。而我们夏季手持的折扇，则是从朝鲜传进来的。
自明朝建立了李姓国王的朝鲜之后，半岛国家和中原王朝的关系稳定了好几百年。但朝鲜的社会结构却并没有仿照中原王朝，而是继续了和日本差不多的封建社会。其农奴和奴隶的人口占绝大多数，生产落后。经济、政治、国防都依赖中原王朝，很像西方的殖民地和宗主国的关系。
这种状况一直延续到中日甲午战争。之后，朝鲜的社会经济和文化大幅度进步，很快地向现代化国家发展。二战之后，根据美苏两国的协议，半岛被分成两半。北边的变成了共产党国家；南边的继续向现代化的西方学习，最终加入了西方国家的行列，并且实现了现代化。这和中国南北两边的发展轨迹一样。
但是和古代不同，现代朝鲜民族的文化已经不是落后于中原的封建文化了。因为正在走向现代化的日本给朝鲜文化注入了很多内容。除了科技文学音乐等等，还包括曾经流行于欧洲的民族主义。朝鲜人逐渐放弃了奉行几百年的儒家文化，恢复了古高丽人的有些狂妄的独立精神。
所以，不但南半部人民不断反抗保护他们的美国佬；北半部独裁者们也从来就不感谢保护他们的中共政权，时不时出点儿幺蛾子让中共十分地头疼。在苏联解体前，金日成游离在中、苏两个宗主国之间，靠两边争相提供的赏赐，维持着极端落后和专制的政权。
到金二世时代，苏联没有了，玩儿两面派的机会也没有了，只能干脆耍流氓。北朝鲜一会儿给中共充当打手，时不时还穿插着不听话，在人民面前表现一下自己的独立性，鼓动人民的自大心理以维持统治的权威。但这种骗人的把戏很难继续下去，一旦穿帮就会导致崩溃。金三代小皇帝估计也看到了这一点，正跃跃欲试的学习邓小平的经验，搞点子经济上的改革开放。虽然他羞羞答答、遮遮掩掩，但已经势所必至，没有回头路了。
中共在苏联解体后成为北朝鲜的唯一宗主国。它靠的是朝鲜的落后，才能以养活朝鲜来威胁，迫使金小皇帝成为中共的马前卒。现在，中共仍然企图掌控北朝鲜的开放贸易，继续把北朝鲜当作走狗使用。在这个形势下，韩国和美国企图用援助来替代中共控制的计划，就出台了。但这必然不会成功，因为它们不懂什么是共产党。
共产党的独裁者们不是傻瓜。他们知道：容忍一个共产党同伙的控制，不会颠覆他们的王朝。容忍一个敌对的政治体系控制，共产主义的独裁政体很快就会垮台或者变质。维护共产主义政教合一的独裁统治，永远是他们的基本原则。在这点上邓小平说得最坦率。其他人不说但心里一样明白，不会轻易上当。
正是从这个基本原理出发，中共很有信心地维持着对金三世王朝的经济援助。金三世也和他爸爸一样，时不时搞点出圈儿的举动，撒撒娇，要糖吃。他一会儿导弹，一会儿核武器，表面看好像针对西方，其实是做给北京看的，要糖吃而已。
但是三方面的具体情况千变万化，这种靠玩火要糖吃的做法随时可能真的玩出大火来。主要的原因有两个。
第一个原因是朝鲜的内部矛盾。极端专制的统治，在信息传播越来越容易的今天很难靠欺骗维持下去。以中共对社会作了很大让步的情况都很难维持；更何况金家王朝的残酷统治必然越来越让朝鲜人民难以忍受。其各种内部造反的动机将由此产生，并越来越强烈。这就迫使统治者希望将内部矛盾向外散发。简单说就是用战争解决内部矛盾。
第二个原因是像金家王朝这种走狗的心理，必然是有恃无恐，不在乎分寸。它在需要时就会在狂妄的心态支持下为所欲为。反正背后有靠山，有事主子们会去摆平。中国这个主子，届时就会被这个狂妄的奴才牵连进毫无准备的战争，就像1950年被他祖父牵连进对中国极为不利的战争一样。这种混战，对中国、美国、日本和韩国都极为不利。得利的只有金三世王朝，也许加上个俄罗斯。
对这个前途，美国、日本、韩国都没有控制能力，只有中国可以改变这种形势。这就是明确取消对金家王朝的无条件保护的姿态；同时迫使它停止冒险，立即改革政治经济体制。如果像江泽民、胡锦涛时代那样，只要胡闹就给糖吃，朝鲜很快就会成为中国的灾难。中国必须至少把不听话的疯狗变成家狗，并且系上铁链，让它至少跟上主子的步伐，而不是自由自在地招灾惹祸。否则就得给它换一个明白事儿的头子。
聆听魏京生先生的相关录音，请访问：
http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2013/WeiJS130125SinoKorea1.mp3
（撰写并录音于2013年1月25日。自由亚洲电台播出。）
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