Wei Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A1049-W686

魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号：A1049-W686

Release Date: September 26, 2017

发布日：2017年9月26日

Topic: Marxism-Leninism in China (part 3) -- Wei Jingsheng

标题：马列主义在中国（之三） -- 魏京生

Original Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)

此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）

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Marxism-Leninism in China (part 3)

-- Wei Jingsheng

After the development of Marxism, many people found the goal of communism impossible to be realized. Karl Marx himself admitted that to achieve communism will only be possible when there is a full flow of social products, and people will no longer be greedy to earn money.

This argument is too pale. Any amount of social property will not stop people's greed. Because the desire of people will grow with the increase of property, with speed of growth desire always exceeding the speed of property acquisition. Look at the billionaires who are still trying to make money day and night. We know how strong human's original and instinctual desires of storage are that were inherited from the animal age.

Thus, the rapid expansion of the Marxist movement produced differences between its forms of revisionism. The socialism mainly based in Germany and Europe changed the dictatorship theory of Marxism. It advocates maintaining the social equality slogan to attract the masses and to restrict the government in the existing democratic system. This approach has been successful in the development and expansion of the Western democratic system, and became the ballast for a stable development of Western society.

This result is because the market economy has its own laws. The human society can use it, but it must also restrain it, as the reins must be used to restrict the animals one rides. Early capitalist theory advocated free markets, and thought that the invisible hand is enough to develop a fair and free economy, without the government intervening.

But the market economy also tended to make the poor get poorer, while the rich got even wealthier. Soon there was a serious social injustice in the gap between rich and poor. How to solve this problem is one of the fundamental issues of sustainable development for a society. The socialist theory which was a complete confrontation to the capitalist theory of a free market economy, become an important tool to restrain the evil of the market.

The market can meet the law of economic development. It brings the human society a substantial increase in its economic efficiency. However, the socialism limits the rich getting richer, and makes the market serve all of humanity even better, instead of becoming a devil. These two complement each other, creating rapid and stable development of human society in the past nearly one hundred years. Revisionism has worked out a correct path, becoming one of the indispensable mainstreams of democratic politics in the Western society.

The revisionism in the other direction represented by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, insists on using the proletarian dictatorship to replace the existing democratic system and attempt to create a dictatorial democratic system. Both Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin amended it to retain the dictatorship and the economic system of equal distribution, while revising the democracy to be a democracy among a small part of the people in order to fit the dictatorship. This is the Soviet system in Russian: a false democracy with the vote but not freedom.

The progress of human society has always followed a rule: that is to give individuals more and more freedom and human rights protection, under the premise of maintaining social stability. Freedom and human rights are the conditions for individuals to develop fully -- and only when the individual develops then the society can develop. The dictatorship of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin exactly violated this rule -- this dictatorship was based on the deprivation of personal freedom and rights, so feudal serfdom was its top preferred model.

China was determined as the one country without the conditions to implement the communist system by the Soviet state. That is because China has a deep history and culture of the market economy, and its people were not likely to easily accept the serfdom model. China had a system which protected freedom and rights for a long time, and to go backwards to a dictatorship that lacks freedom might be subject to violent resistance. The Russian theorists were not sure whether the modern dictatorship would be effective.

Yet a history of accidents happened at this time. With the support of the Soviets who were not sure, with the proud actions at its wish by the Americans, the ruling of the Communist Party succeeded in China. But, just as the Soviet theorists had evaluated, the egalitarian economy received resistance and sabotage from the people who had long been accustomed to the market economy, which resulted sluggish development. The arrogance of the dictatorship caused violent resistance. To fight for freedom, unarmed people take a lot of bloodshed against tanks and machine guns. This is the 1989 Tiananmen democracy movement that shocked the world.

In fact, even before 1989, there were different forms of resistance continuing throughout the Chinese society, even resulting in the so-called the clique of "those in power taking the capitalist way" within the ruling class. Mao Zedong, who believed in Marxism-Leninism, uses his demon-like genius to repel his companions for realism. However, his false socialist experiment soon ended in failure and created a bad reputation with a rotten smell for socialism in the language of the Chinese people.

After nearly a decade of brewing, the first communist experiment by the Chinese Communist Party was a fiasco. It resulted in a famine which starved more than 40 million people in 2 years, that was more than the number of the Chinese deaths during the 8 years of World War II. Therefore, to the peasants in my ancestral hometown, Communism is an absolute derogatory term. This was a great shock to me at my young age, which firmed my belief to oppose Communism.

After Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping created a new model. He made new revisions to the Marxism-Leninism of Lenin, Stalin and Mao Zedong: Deng changed the economic model of egalitarianism while preserving the political system of one-party dictatorship. So this revision is still Marxist-Leninist -- just a new variant.

Because this variant inherited the dictatorship of Marxism-Leninism, so it practiced capitalism with more brutal exploitation than earlier capitalism. It attracted capitalists in both Eastern and Western counties who flocked to China to share the excess profits caused by brutal exploitation. This is the motivation for the Western governments controlled by the Western capitalists to help the Chinese Communist regime develop its economy.

Soon the Communist China's economic strength caught up with Western democratic countries. The dictatorship of Marxism-Leninism has transformed into a coalition of capitalists around the world. But the self-confidence and ambition of its dictatorship model by the Communist regime also expanded, as its strength grew and did not disappear in the enjoyment of corruption. This is a reality that cannot be understood by the Westerners who are living in a democratic and free social environment.

Communism is gone, but the dictatorial system of the Marxist-Leninist core theory is still growing. Socialism is gone, but successful capitalism is still growing. Will this monster which is against the rule of human progress be the second Nazi coming? I shall analyze this idea further in my next program.

To hear Mr. Wei Jingsheng's related commentary, please visit:

http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2017/WeiJS170702onMarxisminChina3.mp3

(Written on July 1 and recorded on July 2, 2017. Broadcasted by Radio Free Asia.)

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中文版

Wei Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A1049-W686

魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号：A1049-W686

Release Date: September 26, 2017

发布日：2017年9月26日

Topic: Marxism-Leninism in China (part 3) -- Wei Jingsheng

标题：马列主义在中国（之三） -- 魏京生

Original Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)

此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）

如有中文乱码问题，请与我们联系或访问：

http://www.weijingsheng.org/report/report2017/report2017-09/WeiJS170926onMarxisminChina3A1049-W686.htm

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马列主义在中国（之三）

-- 魏京生

马克思主义发展起来之后，很多人发现了他们的目标共产主义是一个不可能实现的目标。马克思自己也承认，要实现共产主义，只有等到“社会产品充分涌流”，人们不再为挣取财产而贪婪的时候才有可能。

这个辩解实在过于苍白。社会财产涌流得再多，也不会停止人们的贪婪。因为人的欲望会随着财产的增加而扩大，扩大的速度永远超过获得财产的速度。看看那些亿万富翁们仍然在夜以继日地赚钱，就知道这种从动物时代继承而来的原始的、本能的储存欲望有多强。

因此，迅速扩大的马克思主义运动，产生了修正主义的分歧。以德国和欧洲为主的社会主义，改变了马克思主义的专政理论。它主张在即存的民主制度里，以维护社会平均的口号吸引群众，制约政府。这得以成功地在西方民主制度里发展壮大，成为西方社会稳定发展的压舱石。

这是因为市场经济有它自己的规律，人类社会可以利用它，但也必须制约它，就像必须用缰绳制约牛马一样。早期的资本主义理论崇尚自由市场，认为有那个看不见的手就可以公平自由地发展经济了，而不需要政府来干预。

但是市场经济也包括穷人更穷，富人更富的规律。很快就出现了严重的社会不公和贫富差距。如何解决这个问题，是社会可持续发展的根本问题之一。和完全自由市场经济的资本主义对抗的社会主义理论，恰好成为制约市场之恶的重要工具。

市场能够符合经济发展的规律，它给人类社会带来经济效率的大幅度提高。而社会主义限制了富人更富的规律，使得市场更好地服务于人类，而不会变成魔鬼。两者相辅相成，制造了人类社会近百年的快速而稳定的发展。修正主义走出了一条正确的道路，成为西方社会民主政治必不可少的主流之一。

向另一个方向发展的修正主义，则是以马克思、恩格斯为代表，坚持使用无产阶级专政替代既有的民主体制，试图创建一种专政的民主制度。列宁和斯大林对它进行了修正：保留了专政和平均分配的经济体制，把民主修正成为一小部分人的民主以便适合专政。这就是俄语所说的苏维埃制度，一种只有投票没有自由的假民主。

人类社会的进步始终遵循着一个规律：就是在保持社会稳定的前提下，给予个人越来越大的自由和人权保障。自由和人权是个人能够充分发展的条件，只有个人发展了，社会才能够发展。马克思和列宁的专政，恰恰违反了这个规律，它的专政是以剥夺个人自由和权力为基础，所以封建农奴制是它首选的模式。

中国曾经被苏维埃国家判定没有实行共产主义制度的条件。因为它有深厚的市场经济的历史和文化，人民不太容易接受农奴制的模式。中国有太长久的自由和权利保障体系，倒退回不自由的专政可能会遭受剧烈的反抗。现代化的专政工具是否有效，苏维埃的理论家们没有把握。

历史的偶然就在这个时候发生了。在苏维埃半信半疑的支持下，在美国人骄傲的胡作非为下，共产党的统治在中国成功了。和苏维埃的理论家们估计得一样：平均主义的经济受到早已习惯市场经济的人民的反抗和怠工，造成了发展迟滞。专政的蛮横造成了剧烈的反抗。人们为争取自由不惜大量流血牺牲，手无寸铁地对抗坦克和机枪。这就是令全世界震惊的一九八九年的天安门民主运动。

其实在这之前，中国社会各阶层不同形式的反抗此起彼伏，甚至在统治阶级内部产生了所谓的“走资本主义道路的当权派”。坚信马列主义的毛泽东，使用他恶魔一样的天才击退了现实主义的同伴，但他的假社会主义的实验很快就以失败告终，并且在中国人的语言中给社会主义制造了臭不可闻的坏名声。

中国共产党经过将近十年的酝酿，第一次共产主义实验就遭到了惨败。由此造成的大饥荒，两年就饿死了四千多万人，超过了第二次世界大战八年间中国死亡的人数。因此在我家乡农民的口中，共产主义是一个绝对贬义的，臭不可闻的名词。这对少年时代的我造成了极大的震撼，坚定了我反对共产主义的信念。

毛泽东之后的邓小平，创造了一个新的模式。他对列宁、斯大林和毛泽东的马列主义做了新的修正：改变平均主义的经济模式，保留一党专政的政治体制。所以这仍然是修正后的马列主义，一个新的变种而已。

由于这个变种继承了马列主义的专政，所以它实行的资本主义就有了比早期资本主义更残酷剥削的特征，吸引了东方和西方的资本家们蜂拥进入中国，分享残酷剥削造成的超额利润。这是西方资本家们控制的政府帮助中国共产党发展经济的动力。

共产党的经济实力很快就追上了西方民主国家。马列主义的专政已经蜕变成为全世界资产阶级的联盟。但是它扩张专政模式的自信和野心，也随着实力的增强而增长，并没有消失在腐败的享受之中。这是生活在民主自由社会环境中的西方人难以理解的现实。

共产主义没有了，可是马列主义的核心理论专政体制，仍然在发展壮大。社会主义没有了，可是成功的资本主义仍然在发展壮大。这个违反人类进步规律的怪胎会不会是第二个纳粹呢？下次节目我们再做进一步的分析。