Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A1091-W728
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号：A1091-W728
Release
Date: March 10, 2018
发布日：2018年3月10日
Topic:
Huang Ciping at VOA's Issues and Opinions Program: About the Past and Today's
Chinese Women on International Women's Day; So Chinese Women Cannot Hold Half
of the Sky?
标题：黄慈萍参加美国之音《时事大家谈》：三八节抚昔话今，中国女性顶不了半边天？
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VOA
Issues and Opinions: About the Past and Today's Chinese Women on International
Women's Day; So Chinese Women Cannot Hold Half of the Sky?
Washington
-
March
8 was the annual International Women's Day. Since 1949 (when the Chinese Communists took over the
power), China has undergone many changes.
During Mao Zedong's era the slogan "Women are able to hold half of
the sky" was proposed.
However, until today, Chinese politics is still dominated by men. Only one-fifth of the delegates of the
National People's Congress (NPC) and Chinese People's Political Consultative
Conference (CPPCC) were women.
This gap has not changed for many years. China's social and cultural themes are still fixed on the
authority of men. As women's
rights have been awakening and rising in the world for over one hundred years,
why haven't Chinese women been propping up their "Half of the
Sky"? In China where human
rights are not protected, are women's rights and interests facing even more
severe situations?
In
this VOA Issues and Opinion program hosted by Yu-Wen Cheng, two guests
participated in the program: Huang Ciping, the executive director of the human
rights organization Wei Jingsheng Foundation; and Zhao Sile, a Chinese author
and feminist activist.
Huang
Ciping: Women's Rights Are Human Rights; Chinese Women Are Not Protected
Systematically for Their Rights
Huang
Ciping said that, the rights of Chinese women have not yet been protected is
related to the social system in China.
Women's rights are part of human rights, yet human rights in China are
not guaranteed. For example, at
the National People's Congress (NPC) that is being held in China now, the
picture we see is still that the symbolic ethnic minority representatives are
dressed up and running around in the crowd to remind us their decorative
role. And when Shen Jilan, the
longest serving delegate of the People's Congress said "I walked with the
party. I never voted against
it.....It wouldn't be suitable if I contact the voters", it is a pity that
the Communist regime has used her to carry out the propaganda that made fool of
the People's Congress, as well as made fool of women. We should also notice that there has never been female
leadership in the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party,
the top decision-making body of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). These facts are the sad reality created
by the Communist system in China.
As
for the international community, that China accounts for 60% of the world's
self-made female tycoons, Huang doesn't think this number represents the
universality of Chinese women's rights, and at least is inaccurate. Although the Communist Party said
loudly that women could hold half the sky, for People's Congress that is only a
rubber stamp the proportion of women is only just above 20%. After all, the Chinese Communist regime
did not provide women with the protection of the rule of law and human
rights. This has led not only to
the need for women to work and make a living outside of their families, but
also to face the responsibility of housework. So the women not only have not been liberated but also have
to carry more burdens. The social
mechanisms in China also do not guarantee women's rights and interests. In particular, after the so-called
economic reform and opening up in China, private companies have been reluctant
to hire women, and even put in contracts and regulations that female employees
are not allowed to conceive and have children during their employment. In comparison with the democratic
countries in Europe and North America, especially in Scandinavia where women's
rights are most protected, not only do the mothers enjoy maternity leave, even
the fathers can take off for their children. This is unheard of in China.
Huang
Ciping: Political Suppression is More Responsible Than Traditional Restraint
Some
people say that the Chinese traditions impede the political development of
women. Huang Ciping said that this
tradition factor is far less than the negative impact on women due to the
political system in Mainland China.
We have seen that there are female Chinese leaders in both Hong Kong and
Taiwan. President Tsai Ing-wen is the
pride of Chinese women, while Taiwan shares the same culture roots as Mainland
China. The status of ordinary
Taiwanese women is incomparable to the mainland's average female workers. Even the Xinhua News Agency reported a
poll result showing that more than 80% of Chinese women believe that they are
discriminated against in employment, while more than 70% of men also share the
same opinion. Huang personally
suffered from it. "As a
highly talented graduate from the University of Science and Technology of
China, I tried to apply for a job at the Institute of Atomic Energy. However, I was rejected publicly for
the reason that I was a woman."
Now,
the culture in Mainland China is really a Communist culture that has resulted
in women's issues in China. The
traditional Chinese culture is not so much of a problem. Tsai Ing-wen becoming the president of
Taiwan is an example. It should also
be pointed out that during the implementation of the family planning policy of
the Communist regime, the forced birth control and forced abortions have harmed
the bodies and minds of countless women.
The murders of more than 330 million babies are also a great destruction
to the Chinese women.
Regarding
the future of equality between men and women in China, Huang Ciping said that
as long as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leads the autocracy, Chinese women
will not be able to obtain real equality.
Under the CCP, there is no guarantee of law and human rights. Women's issues, including the rights
for rural women have their own land, violence against women, and other issues
of rights and interests cannot be solved.
There is also lack of attention to gender discrimination and harassment
in the workplace. Although the
number of female students has greatly increased, because of the lack of legal
protection, female college students have far less chance of finding a job than
men. Even if they find a job,
their salary is lower than that of men.
Only democratic and free countries with human rights protections can
truly guarantee the protection of women.
Zhao
Sile: The Chinese Communist Party Is a Patriarchal Party.
Zhao
Sile said that the CCP has always been a patriarchal party, and that
patriarchal system and totalitarian system are in the same line. This model and idea has been maintained
since the founding of the Communist Party, but it has been expressed
differently in different historical periods.
Zhao
has experience living in both Mainland China and Taiwan. If we want to compare the female
delegates of National People's Congress (NPC) in China with the women
legislators in Taiwan, Zhao thinks they are completely different. Women legislators in Taiwan often
organize proposals in real terms and question government officials, as well as
publish various statements in the media.
On the other hand, at the National People's Congress in China, a high
proportion of women represent flight attendants, singers and movie stars, and
it is obvious that they are serving as ornaments to decorate the rubber stamp
of the National People's Congress.
They do not give any ideas, nor do they have substantive proposals. The famous NPC delegate Shen Jilan is
even worse. However, the Chinese
People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) was still slightly decent,
where some female representatives do make some remarks sometimes.
Zhao
Sile said that it should not be denied that the Chinese Communist Party forced
the opening of the female job market at the beginning of its political
establishment. The slogan
"Half the Sky" at that time was based on the need to incorporate
women into half of the labor force, because during the Mao era it was needed
for China to rise and reach so-called communism, including the Great Leap
Forward as one example. Therefore,
there is a political background to put forward a slogan such as "women can
hold half of the sky".
Marxism and Leninism divide people into capitalists and the proletariat,
and the definition of gender is erased in the later. Zhao also does not deny that the employment rate of Chinese
women is high, but this situation has always been driven from the top down,
instead of being a spontaneous liberation from the bottom up. After the reform and opening up,
Chinese women faced the oppression of three big mountains -- the responsibility
of going out to work, the obligation to take care of children, and the burden
of housework, and even the burden of staying beautiful carried by the consumer
culture of Capitalism - to keep their men happy with sexual attractions, they
must dress nicely and maintain their youth. Therefore, women are suppressed under the chaotic ideology.
Zhao
Sile: Women to Consciously Free Themselves From Historical Imprisonment, While
the Chinese Government Suppresses Women's Rights
Zhao
Sile said that in fact, as the times have developed to the present, young
Chinese women's claims on rights and interests have become increasingly
significant. From the bloggers, it
can be seen that this theme can easily lead to discussions such as female
safety, sexual harassment, unspoken rules and so on. The extent to which young women are confined by traditional
culture has greatly reduced.
Reasons for this are that the one-child policy has resulted in a lot of
single female children, and the social reality under compulsion has gradually
loosened the views of family in regarding women's rights and women's economic
and social status, which has led to a decline of traditional influence.
Zhao
thinks that at the official level, the totalitarian culture of the Chinese
Communist Party is higher than traditional culture, and the CCP uses
traditional stereotypes to restrict the development of women. Zhao remembers when Xi Jinping first
took office, during the women's cadre conference he called:
"The
majority of women should consciously shoulder the responsibility of respecting
the elderly, and loving and educating their children, play a role in the
building of family virtues, help children form a good heart, promote their
healthy growth, and grow up to become useful to the country and people." He stressed that the responsibility of
women is to make children grow up to be useful to the country, not the women to
be useful to the country. This
reflects that, as the supreme leader, his gender ideology is still in
ignorance. Although the Chinese Communist
Party first used the national coercive force to open the road for women's
employment, it has been suppressing women's consciousness awakening in recent
years. The most famous is what the
government did against the five women who promoted women's rights. Therefore, Zhao does not think this
government will promote the political or economic activism of women.
Zhao
thinks that it is worth noting that the position of Chinese women is certainly
not higher than that of the West.
Their ranking is also lagging behind in global surveys. Some viewers mentioned that Chinese
women seem to have a lot of material demands for their spouses. In Zhao's opinion, women's economic
requirements for marriage just reflect that they have no guarantees and do not
feel safe from the social system.
Zhao pointed out that even some male professors in famous universities
publicly stated on their blogs that it is a waste for women to become graduate
students. This environment forces
women to look for a sense of security from men. They do not receive the same education, employment and
promotion opportunities. With the
lack of political, economic, and social rights, women can only require their
spouses to provide protection. In
recent years, late marriage and childbirth, even refusal to get married or bear
children are part of the revival and pursuit of women's own consciousness. In China, women as a group can easily
become a victim of social inequality.
For
more exciting content, please watch the full version of the "Issues and
Opinions" on March 8, 2018, at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tu8oP-S3wkU
Or:
https://youtu.be/Q9yKTvAwYe0
And:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/interviews/interviews2018/HuangCPonChineseWomen180308VOAtalkshow.mp4
"Issues
and Opinions" is a free forum.
Both the invited guests and audiences are expressing their personal
opinions, which do not represent the Voice of America.
YouTube
link of this "Issues and Opinions":
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mX53h6iYQuY
or:
and:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/interviews/interviews2018/HuangCPonChineseWomen180308VOAtalkshow-c.mp4
"Issues
and Opinions" YouTube playlist:
http://bit.ly/VOAIO-youtube
And
audio:
https://www.voachinese.com/pp/4285980/ppt0.html
Also:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/interviews/interviews2018/HuangCPonChineseWomen180308VOAtalkshow-c.mp3
Original
link of this VOA report:
https://www.voachinese.com/a/voaweishi-20180308-io-observing-international-women-day-where-is-the-half-sky-for-women-in-china/4286121.html
Related
photos of Huang Ciping during this program:
http://www.weijingsheng.org/pic/newsletters/newsletters2018/newsletters2018-1/HuangCPonChineseWomen180308VOAtalkshow-c-4.jpg
http://www.weijingsheng.org/pic/newsletters/newsletters2018/newsletters2018-1/HuangCPonChineseWomen180308VOAtalkshow2-c-4.jpg
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中文版
Wei
Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A1091-W728
魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号：A1091-W728
Release
Date: March 10, 2018
发布日：2018年3月10日
Topic:
Huang Ciping at VOA's Issues and Opinions Program: About the Past and Today's
Chinese Women on International Women's Day; So Chinese Women Cannot Hold Half
of the Sky?
标题：黄慈萍参加美国之音《时事大家谈》：三八节抚昔话今，中国女性顶不了半边天？
Original
Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)
此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）
如有中文乱码问题，请与我们联系或访问：
http://www.weijingsheng.org/report/report2018/report2018-03/HuangCPonChineseWomen180310VOAtalkshowA1091-W728.htm
-----------------------------------------------------------------
美国之音《时事大家谈》：三八节抚昔话今，中国女性顶不了半边天？
华盛顿 -
3月8号是一年一度的国际妇女节。1949年以来，中国经历了许多变化，毛泽东时代提出"妇女能顶半边天"的口号。不过，直到今天，中国政治依然由男性主宰，历届的两会代表只有五分之一是女性，这样的差距多年未变；而中国的社会文化主题也依然定格在男性权威的画面上。随着一百多年来女权在全球的苏醒和高涨，中国的女性为什么没有撑起自己的"半边天"？在人权不受保障的中国，妇女的权益是否面临更加恶劣的处境？
参加美国之音郑裕文主持的这次节目的两位嘉宾是：人权组织魏京生基金会执行主任黄慈萍；中国作家，女权活动者赵思乐。
黄慈平： 女权即人权，中国女性没有制度和权利保障
黄慈平说，中国妇女权益至今仍然没有得到保障，跟其社会制度有关。妇女权益也是人权的一部分，而中国的人权本身就是没有保障的。比方说正在召开的中国人大，我们看到的画面仍然是，象征性的少数民族代表们个个打扮得花枝招展穿梭于人群中，提示她们的花瓶作用。而当人大代表时间最长的申纪兰则说出"我跟党走，从来没有投过反对票.....跟选民联系就不合适了"的"至理名言"。很遗憾，中共通过她进行了愚化人大、也愚化女性的宣传。我们也看到，中共的最高决策层政治局常委中从来没有过女性领导。这些都是中共制度造就的可悲现实。
至于国际上看到的，在全球白手起家的女性富豪中，中国占了六成，我认为这个现象并不代表中国女权状况的普遍性，至少不准确。尽管共党响当当地说，妇女能顶半边天，但是，刚才说了，哪怕仅仅作为橡皮图章的人大，女性比例也仅占20%多。归根结底，中共在制度上没有给女性提供法治和人权的保障。这致使女性一方面要在外谋生养家，在内还要面对家务的责任，不但没有获得解放反而负担更重。社会机制也没有保障妇女权益。尤其改革开放之后，私企不愿意雇佣女性，甚至合同规定不允许在职期间怀孕生子。对比欧美民主国家尤其是女性权益最受保护的北欧，不仅母亲享受产假，甚至父亲也有同等待遇。这在中国是闻所未闻的。
黄慈平：政治碾压重于传统束缚
有人说中国传统观念禁锢了女性的政治发展。黄慈平说，传统因素远不如大陆的政治系统对女性的负面影响。我们看到，同为华人的港台都有女性领导人，蔡英文总统就是华人女性的骄傲，而台湾与大陆同根同种。普通台湾女性的地位是大陆的一般打工妹无法比较的。新华社曾经有一篇报道称，调查报告显示，80%的中国女性认为在就业中受到性别的歧视，70%的男性也有同感。我本人也深受其害。我当年作为科大的高才生，在原子能研究所申请一个想要的工作，却因为是女性而遭到公开拒绝。
现在大陆的问题是共产党文化的问题。而传统文化并不是问题，蔡英文当上总统就是一个例子。要指出的是，中共在实施计划生育政策的过程中，强迫节育和堕胎行为伤害了无数女性的身心；3300多万婴儿被杀也是对女性的巨大摧残。
对于未来中国男女平等的空间，黄慈平说，只要在共产党领导的专制下，中国女性就不可能获得真正的平等。中共专治下，法律、人权都没有保障。女权方面，包括农村女性的土地权，遭遇的暴力问题和其他权益问题都无法解决。还有职场的性别歧视和骚扰现象也都没有得到重视。即便女性受教育人数大增，因为没有法律保障，女大学生找到工作的机会远远低于男性；即便找到工作，薪酬也低于男性。只有民主自由的人权国家才能真正保障女性。
赵思乐：中共是父权党，父权极权一脉相承
赵思乐说，中共一直是父权党，而父权和极权一脉相承。这个模式和思路中共建政以来一直维持，只是在不同的历史时期有不同的表现而已。
我具备大陆和台湾两地的生活经历。如果要比较中国女人大代表与台湾女立委的话，我认为她们是完全不同的。台湾的女性立法委员经常实质组织提案并且质问政府官员，也在媒体公开发表各种言论。反观中国人大，女性代表中空服人员和歌星、影星比例极高，明显为人大这个橡皮图章扮演装饰品，起到图饰的作用。她们不提出什么想法，更没有实质性的提案，而申纪兰这样的著名代表更是有过之而无不及。不过，政协还略微像样，时有女代表发表一些言论。
赵思乐说，不否认，中共建政之初强行打开了女性的就业市场。当时的"半边天"口号是基于要把女性纳入半个劳动力的需求，因为毛时代要奋起直追来实现所谓的共产主义，包括大跃进也是途径之一。所以，提出妇女能顶半边天的口号是有政治背景的。马列把人分为资本家和无产阶级两类，在后者中抹去了性别的定义。我也不否认中国女性就业率高，但是，这样的形势一直都是自上而下的推动，并没有自下而上的自发解放。改革开放之后，中国女性面对三座大山的压迫----外出劳动的责任，传宗接代义务和家务的负担，以及资本主义的消费文化中承载的所谓美的负担----要用性魅力留住男人，要打扮和保养。所以，女性在层层混乱的意识形态之下遭受着压迫。
赵思乐：女性自觉松绑历史禁锢，政府打压女性权益
赵思乐说，其实，时代发展到现在，中国年轻女性对权益的诉求越来越显著，而且从微博中可以看到，这个主题很容易引爆讨论，比方女性安全，性骚扰，潜规则等。年轻女性受到传统文化禁锢的程度大大降低。分析其中的原因，一胎化产生了很多独生女，强制下的社会现实使得家庭在女性权益观，女性经济社会地位诉求方面逐渐松绑，致使传统影响力下降。
在官方层面，中共极权文化高过传统文化，而中共利用传统文化的刻板印象来限制女性的发展。记得习近平刚上任时，在召集的妇联干部大会上，他号召
"广大妇女要自觉肩负起尊老爱幼、教育子女的责任，在家庭美德建设中发挥作用，帮助孩子形成美好心灵，促使他们健康成长，长大后成为对国家和人民有用的人"。他强调，女性责任在于让孩子成长为对国家有用的人，而不是自己对国家有用。这反映出，他作为最高领导人，其性别思想意识仍然处于蒙昧中。虽然中共最早用国家强制力打开女性就业之路，但是，近年在女性意识有所提升时却在压制和打压，最著名的就是对女权五姐妹的行为。所以，我不认为这个政府会推动女性的政治或者经济能动性。
值得注意的是，中国女性地位肯定不比西方高，它在全球调查的排名中也是靠后的。有观众提到，中国女性对于配偶似乎有很多物质的索求。我认为，女性对于结婚的经济要求恰恰就反映她们没有保障，没有从社会体制中获得安全感。我看到，甚至有名牌大学的男老师在微博上公开说，女性读研究生是浪费名额。这样的环境迫使女性需要寻找从男性身上获得安全感。她们没有得到同等的教育和就业以及升职机会。政治、经济和社会权利缺乏，女性只好要求配偶提供保障。近年来，晚婚晚育甚至不婚不育就是女性自身意识的苏醒和追求。在中国，女性这个群体很容易成为社会不平等的牺牲品。
更多精彩内容，请收看2018年3月8日的《时事大家谈》完整版视频：
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tu8oP-S3wkU
或：
https://youtu.be/Q9yKTvAwYe0
及：
http://www.weijingsheng.org/interviews/interviews2018/HuangCPonChineseWomen180308VOAtalkshow.mp4
时事大家谈是一个自由论坛。嘉宾和观众听众发表的都是个人观点，并不代表美国之音。
YouTube链接：时事大家谈：三八节抚昔话今，中国女性顶不了半边天？
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mX53h6iYQuY
或：
及：
http://www.weijingsheng.org/interviews/interviews2018/HuangCPonChineseWomen180308VOAtalkshow-c.mp4
《时事大家谈》YouTube播放列表：http://bit.ly/VOAIO-youtube?
录音：
https://www.voachinese.com/pp/4285980/ppt0.html
及：
http://www.weijingsheng.org/interviews/interviews2018/HuangCPonChineseWomen180308VOAtalkshow-c.mp3
此报道的原始链接：
https://www.voachinese.com/a/voaweishi-20180308-io-observing-international-women-day-where-is-the-half-sky-for-women-in-china/4286121.html
黄慈萍参加美国之音节目时的照片：
http://www.weijingsheng.org/pic/newsletters/newsletters2018/newsletters2018-1/HuangCPonChineseWomen180308VOAtalkshow-c-4.jpg
http://www.weijingsheng.org/pic/newsletters/newsletters2018/newsletters2018-1/HuangCPonChineseWomen180308VOAtalkshow2-c-4.jpg
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