Wei Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A1198-W822

Wei Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A1199-W823

魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号：A1199-W823

Release Date: March 17, 2019

发布日：2019年3月17日

Topic: The 60th Anniversary of the Tibetans' Struggle Against Violence -- Wei Jingsheng

标题：西藏人民抗暴斗争六十周年 -- 魏京生

Original Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)

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The 60th Anniversary of the Tibetans' Struggle Against Violence

-- Wei Jingsheng

Sixty years ago, the Tibetan people who were unable to bear the violent oppression of the Chinese Communist regime broke out their anti-violence struggle. The Communist regime in China used more than one million military personnel to suppress Tibet, which had a population of less than two million at that time. It killed so many Tibetans to the degree that many places were turned into "no mans" lands. Now people all over the world are commemorating these heroes who were victimized at that time.

Let us also review that fierce and tragic history. Many people, even scholars in Mainland China, have been under the brainwashing education of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) for many years. They still call the history of Tibetans' fierce and tragic struggle against the CCP violence as "(the CCP) putting down the Tibetan rebellion and betray". So first, let us talk about who was betraying.

The status of the Tibetan government in the Qing Dynasty was part of the empire coalition. Tibetan Buddhism was the national religion of the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty was a military and diplomatic protector of the weaker Tibet. This structure is different from the history of the West and so-called international law, and is also different from the ancient popular suzerainty or colonial relationship. Therefore, many scholars were never able to understand the Tibet issue.

The kind of relationship was similar to an alliance or federation that is beneficial to both sides, but is not a territorial sovereignty. Before the Chinese Communist regime occupied Tibet, the Dalai Lama's government had full sovereignty. This is just like the United States has military stationed in many countries and coordinating foreign policies, but it does not mean that those countries have become the territory of the United States. On this critical point, the CCP and their royal historians apparently lied.

At the beginning of the last century, the British invaded Tibet several times in order to force Tibet to dissolve its relationship with China, and even occupied Lhasa and forced the Dalai Lama to flee to Qamdo. Even then, Tibet had not changed its special relationship with China. Then why was there a so-called "Tibetan rebellion" later?

That was because under the decision of Deng Xiaoping, the Chinese Communist army invaded Tibet and captured the then minister Ngapoi Nwang Jinmei. In Beijing, Ngapoi Nwang Jinmei was forced to sign an agreement under siege, which is what commonly known as the Seventeen Point Agreement. I once asked the Dalai Lama in person. He said that the Tibetan government itself has never signed such an agreement, thus this agreement is only an unsigned agreement that has no legal significance, let alone a treaty. Therefore, Tibet has not lost its sovereignty in the legal sense.

Because of the reality of the occupation by the massive Chinese Communist army, also because of the sweet words of Mao Zedong, more due to the unwillingness to see the Tibetans fall into unnecessary sacrifices, the Tibetan government accepted the reality and hoped that the Chinese Communist regime would abide by its promises that to leave Tibet unchanged for 50 years. It tried to continue its comprehensive political, economical and social reforms that had began before the Communist occupation.

However, less than ten years later, an internal meeting of the Chinese Communist Party chaired by Deng Xiaoping decided to implement the Communist land reform and political reform in all Tibetan areas including Qinghai and Sichuan, and to communize all Tibetan areas in a short period of time. This violated the rights and interests of the Tibetan aristocracy, and even more violated the rights and interests of the majority of serfs and free Tibetans. It was just like the reform of the state-owned enterprises of the Chinese Communist regime in the 1980s and 1990s which resulted in difficulties for vast numbers of the Chinese cadres and workers to adapt, as it takes time to gradually reform.

It is this kind of perfidy of action of the CCP that aroused the desperate rebellion of all Tibetans. At that time, the CCP had already got rid of the burden of the Korean War and was fully capable to solve the Tibet issue. Therefore, the CCP used more than one million Chinese troops with advanced weapons to carry out a comprehensive and brutal slaughter to suppress the Tibetans against its violence. The CCP also carried out brainwashing propaganda by means of falsifying facts, which resulted in emotional opposition between the Tibetans and Han Chinese, thus laying the troubled root causes for the future.

In summary, it is the CCP's betrayal and brutal slaughter that has resulted in tremendous tragedy that continues to this day. The Tibetan people's resistance to tyranny and desire for independence are not only sensible but also reasonable. Moreover, the sovereign independence of the Tibetan government has not changed in the legal sense despite the occupation of the Chinese Communist regime. Therefore, the Tibetan government in exile under the leadership of the Dalai Lama has received sympathy and help from most countries in the world.

Will Tibet seperate from China in the future? First of all, one has to respect the reality that Tibet is still independent in jurisprudence. Secondly, the Tibetan people who are bitter and hateful of the Communist regime will never cooperate with the dictatorial Chinese Communist Party, so there is no need to talk about seperation or not. As for the future of China when it is democratic and free, the future of Tibet, as well as the sovereignty of the Tibet, should be decided by the Tibetan people themselves and not to be worried about by outsiders.

Original link of this commentary:

https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weijingsheng/wjs-03142019110703.html

To hear Mr. Wei Jingsheng's related commentary, please visit:

http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2019/WeiJS190313onTibet60uprising1.mp3

(Written on March 12, 2019 and recorded on March 13, 2019. Broadcasted by Radio Free Asia on March 14, 2019.)

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中文版

Wei Jingsheng Foundation News and Article Release Issue: A1199-W823

魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号：A1199-W823

Release Date: March 17, 2019

发布日：2019年3月17日

Topic: The 60th Anniversary of the Tibetans' Struggle Against Violence -- Wei Jingsheng

标题：西藏人民抗暴斗争六十周年 -- 魏京生

Original Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)

此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）

如有中文乱码问题，请与我们联系或访问：

http://www.weijingsheng.org/report/report2019/report2019-03/WeiJS190317onTibet60uprising1A1199-W823.htm

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西藏人民抗暴斗争六十周年

-- 魏京生

六十年前，西藏人民在中共的暴力压迫下忍无可忍，爆发了全民抗暴斗争。中共对当时人口不到两百万的西藏，动用了一百多万军队镇压，甚至把很多地方杀成了无人区。现在世界各地各国人民，都在纪念那些死难的英雄。

我们也来回顾一下那段惨烈的历史。内地的很多人甚至学者，在中共多年的洗脑教育下，仍然把那场惨烈的抗暴斗争叫做西藏平叛。所以我们就先说说是谁叛变了。

西藏政府在清朝时的地位，是联合帝国中的一部分。藏传佛教是清朝的国教，清朝是弱小的西藏的军事和外交保护者。这种结构不同于西方的历史和所谓的国际法，也不同于古代流行的藩属或殖民地关系。所以很多学者永远搞不清西藏问题。

这种类似于联盟和联邦之间的关系，对双方都有利，但并不是领土主权关系。截至中共占领西藏之前，达赖喇嘛政府拥有完全的主权。正如美国在很多国家驻军并协调外交政策，但不能说那些国家就成了美国的领土。在这关键的一点上，中共和他们的御用历史学家显然是撒了谎。

在上个世纪初，英国为了迫使西藏脱离和中国的关系，几次侵略西藏。甚至占领拉萨迫使达赖喇嘛逃亡到昌都。西藏也没有改变和中国的特殊关系。那为什么后来有了所谓的西藏叛乱呢？

那是因为共产党军队在邓小平的决策下，进军西藏并俘虏了当时的大臣阿沛·阿旺晋美。在北京和阿沛签订了城下之盟，也就是俗称的十七条协议。我曾当面问询过达赖喇嘛，他说西藏政府从来也没有签订这个协议，所以这个协议只是个没有法律意义的待签的协议，更说不上是条约。因此西藏并没有丧失法律意义上的主权。

因为中共大军占领的现实，也因为相信了毛泽东的甜言蜜语，更因为不愿意藏族人民陷入无谓的牺牲，藏政府接受了现实，希望共产党信守五十年不变的诺言，继续进行早在共产党占领之前就开始的，政治经济和社会体制全面的改革。

但是不到十年，邓小平主持下的中共内部会议，决定在包括青海四川的全部藏区，实行共产党的土地改革和政制改革，在短时间内把全部藏区共产党化。这既侵犯了西藏贵族的权益，更侵犯了广大农奴和自由民的权益。就像八、九十年代中共的国营企业改革，广大干部和工人不适应一样，需要时间来渐进改革。

正是中共的这种背信弃义的叛乱，激起了全体藏民的拼死反抗。而此时中共已经摆脱了朝鲜战争的负担，可以全力以赴解决西藏问题了。因此动用了一百多万大军，使用先进的武器，对抗暴的藏族人民进行了全面而残酷的屠杀。中共并以造谣篡改事实的方法进行洗脑宣传，造成了藏汉两族人民感情上的对立，为将来埋下了祸根。

综上所述，是中共的背叛行为和残暴的屠杀，造成了巨大的悲剧并延续至今。而西藏人民反抗暴政要求独立，不但合情而且合理。况且西藏政府在法律意义上的主权独立，并没有因为共产党的占领而改变。所以在达赖喇嘛领导下的西藏流亡政府，得到了世界上大多数国家的同情和帮助。

西藏将来会不会从中国分裂出去呢？首先你得尊重西藏在法理上仍然独立的现实。其次是苦大仇深的西藏人民，决不会与独裁专制的共产党合作，因此谈不上分裂不分裂。至于将来中国民主自由了，那么西藏的前途如何，也是西藏人民的主权，由西藏人民自主决定，不劳外人操心。

本篇评论在自由亚洲电台的原始链接：

https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weijingsheng/wjs-03142019110703.html