Wei Jingsheng Foundation News and Article: A1648-W1195

魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号：A1648-W1195

Release Date: March 15, 2024

发布日：2024年3月15日

Topic: What Kind of Democracy Is More Suitable for China (Part 3) -- Wei Jingsheng

标题：什么样的民主更适合中国（之三） -- 魏京生

Original Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)

此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）

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What Kind of Democracy Is More Suitable for China (Part 3)

-- Wei Jingsheng

Traditional Chinese culture attaches great importance to equality. An illiterate old lady can argue with you about the inequality. What they received was the education of Chinese opera and folk art. Many people now worship the Western concept of equality, but little do they know that Montesquieu, the originator of modern Western jurisprudence, used the ancient Chinese theory and practice of equality before the law to destroy the European feudal hierarchical legal system.

When the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) introduced communism from the West, equality disappeared and pretended to be forgotten. The CCP also introduced Soviet serfdom, and farmers, who accounted for the majority of the population in China, were reduced to the lowest level of rural household registration. Not only do they not enjoy any benefits, but they also suffer all kinds of discrimination.

Even if they work in cities, they are still the most exploited migrant workers, and they are obviously not in the same class as urban workers and employees. This lower class of people who are discriminated against account for two-thirds of China's population, that is, the vast majority. They are truly serfdom untouchables.

Don’t city people feel anything about this? Not really. When people think they are superior to others, they would enjoy this inequality. When these city people were sent to the countryside during the Cultural Revolution, they felt aggrieved and suffered. But how do migrant workers feel when they go to cities to work and are discriminated against and exploited? For them, equality only exists in ancient Chinese operas.

But for rulers, dividing and ruling the people is a means. Provoking discrimination and struggle between classes and nationalities will help divert people's resentment and reduce the social pressure on emperors at all levels. And using some people to suppress others is also the basis of stability maintenance measures.

When the Chinese capitalists' property was compensated (after the CCP robbed them), the Chinese Communist Party seemed to recognize property rights. But what about farmers’ land property? It is just a contract, and the property rights are still in the hands of the grassroots organizations of the CCP. However, the Chinese people have had a market economy for thousands of years and their concept of private property is still very strong and has not been eliminated by the CCP’s cult. Therefore, farmers who go out to work would rather abandon their land than give it to others to cultivate for free, otherwise they may lose their only property.

What are the consequences of this land policy? It is the wasteful land that leads to a reduction in grain production, and the inability to annex land reasonably and legally, which prevents the promotion of large-scale modern production and prevents grain production from increasing in China. Although there have been many advances in agricultural science and technology, Chinese land is still unable to feed the people in China. By relying on Xi Jinping’s blind drawer-like command of returning farmland to forests today and returning forests to farmland tomorrow, does it solve the problem?

Let alone global agricultural experience, even in China’s own experience since ancient times land privatization is the basis for solving agricultural problems. Only if responsible farmers own the land can the land be cultivated to the best effect. If collective farming worked under the remote control of the lords, feudalism would not be replaced.

Therefore, farmers’ private land rights are not just a property issue. For the whole society, it is an issue of agricultural efficiency and the only way to solve the problem of food. Especially in modern large-scale agriculture and cooperative agriculture, the confusion caused by unclear ownership is the cause of various inefficiencies and unstable disputes.

So for the Chinese people who make up the majority of the population, human rights are indeed a basic issue. It is not just an issue of freedom of speech, etc.; property is also a major issue related to social survival. To protect property rights, we must rely on the law and its fair enforcement. Legal and law enforcement agencies rely on political support. Relying on the emperor to treat the country as his own property was an often unreliable guarantee. Only a government that relies on the people's choice can have the motivation to ensure the fairness and justice of the rule of law for the benefit of voters.

Especially when the CCP has maintained its lawlessness for more than 70 years, the only way to restore the legal system and protect the people's basic rights is to start over and establish a democratic politics chosen by the people, only then can we change the lawless inertia of the autocratic system and give the people in China a satisfactory result. Otherwise, even though there are thousands of people petitioning every day, it will not change the nature of lawless autocracy in China.

(This English version is translated by Ciping HUANG, without any compensation. Wei Jingsheng and the Wei Jingsheng Foundation appreciate her decades of contribution, especially for allowing the use and distribution of her translations of these commentaries.)

Original link of this commentary:

https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weijingsheng/wjs-03152024090739.html

To hear Mr. Wei Jingsheng's related commentary, please visit:

http://www.weijingsheng.org/RFA/RFA2024/WeiJS240314onDemocracyinChina3.mp3

Related screenshot of Wei Jingsheng’s commentary on RFA website:

http://www.weijingsheng.org/pic/newsletters/newsletters2024/newsletters2024-1/WeiJSonDemocracyinChinaC240315RFApage.jpg

(Written on March 11, 2024 and recorded on March 14, 2024. Broadcasted by Radio Free Asia on March 15, 2024.)

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中文版

Wei Jingsheng Foundation News and Article: A1648-W1195

魏京生基金会新闻与文章发布号：A1648-W1195

Release Date: March 15, 2024

发布日：2024年3月15日

Topic: What Kind of Democracy Is More Suitable for China (Part 3) -- Wei Jingsheng

标题：什么样的民主更适合中国（之三） -- 魏京生

Original Language Version: Chinese (Chinese version at the end)

此号以中文为准（英文在前，中文在后）

如有中文乱码问题，请与我们联系或访问：

http://www.weijingsheng.org/report/report2024/report2024-3/WeiJS240315onDemocracyinChina3A1648-W1195.htm

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什么样的民主更适合中国（之三）

-- 魏京生

中国传统文化很讲究平等。不认字的老太太都能和你争论为什么不平等。他们接受的是戏曲和民间艺术的教化。现在很多人崇拜西方的平等观，殊不知西方现代法学的鼻祖孟德斯鸠，正是用中国古代法律面前人人平等的理论和实践，摧毁了欧洲封建等级制的法律体系。

当中国共产党从西方引进了共产主义之后，平等就消失不见了，假装忘记了。中共还引进了苏维埃农奴制，占人口大多数的农民被降低为最下等的农村户口。他们不但不享受任何福利，而且受到各种各样的歧视。

就算进城打工，也是最受剥削的农民工，和城市工人职员们明显不是一个阶级。这种下等阶级受歧视的人口，占中国人口的三分之二，也就是绝大多数，是货真价实的农奴制贱民。

城里人对这些没感觉吗？没感觉。当人们自认为高人一等的时候，他们会很享受这种不平等。当文革时他们被下放到农村的时候，他们感到委屈和受苦了。可是那进城打工还被歧视和剥削的农民工们，他们是什么感觉呢？对他们来说，平等只存在于古代的戏曲之中。

可是对统治者们来说，把人民分而治之是一种手段。挑拨阶级和民族之间的歧视和斗争，有利于转移人们怨恨的对象，减轻各级土皇帝们承受的社会压力。并且用一部分人来压制另一部分人，也是维稳措施的基础。

当资本家的财产获得退赔的时候，中国共产党似乎承认了财产权。可是农民的土地财产呢？仅仅是承包，财产权还在中国共产党的基层组织手里。但是中国人几千年的市场经济，私有财产观念仍然很强，没有被中共的邪教所消灭。于是出外打工的农民宁可将土地荒废了，也不能无偿交给别人耕种，否则可能会失去他们仅有的财产。

这种土地政策的后果是什么呢？就是荒废土地导致粮食减产，无法合理合法兼并土地，阻止了大规模现代化生产的推广，粮食产量上不去。虽然有很多的农业科技进步，仍然无法养活人民。靠习近平的今天退耕还林，明天退林还耕的拉抽屉式的瞎指挥，解决了问题吗？

不要说全球农业的经验，就是中国自己自古以来的经验，土地私有化是解决农业问题的基础。只有用心负责的农民拥有了这块土地，土地的耕种才能达到最好的效果。如果在领主的遥控下集体耕作也有效，封建制也就不会被取代了。

所以农民的私有土地权利，不仅仅是个财产问题。对全社会来说是农业效率的问题，是解决吃饭问题的不二法门。特别是现代化大农业与合作农业，权属不清造成的混乱，是各种低效率和不稳定纠纷的原因。

所以对于占人口大多数的中国人来说，人权确实是个基本问题。不仅仅是言论等等自由的问题，财产也是关系到社会生存的大问题。财产权要得到保障，必须依靠法律和执法公平。而法律和执法机构，要依靠政治的支持。靠皇帝把国家当作自己的财产，是一种经常不可靠的保障。只有依靠人民选择的自己的政府，才有动力为了选民的利益保障法治的公平和公正。

特别是在共产党的无法无天维持了七十多年的局面下，恢复法制及保障人民的基本权利，只能依靠推倒重来，建立由人民选择的民主政治，才能改变专制体制无法无天的惯性，给全国人民一个满意的结果。否则每天成千上万人上访，也改变不了无法无天专制的本质。

(本评论的英文版本由黄慈萍翻译。魏京生和魏京生基金会感谢她数十年来相关的无偿贡献，特别是使用和发布此译文的许可。)

评论的原始链接：

https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/weijingsheng/wjs-03152024090739.html